Dynamic Energy Budget theory meets individual-based modelling: a generic and accessible implementation Benjamin T. Martin*, Elke I. Zimmer, Volker Grimm and Tjalling Jager Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; and FALW ⁄Department of Theoretical Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam...

health care is considered a universal human right greatly emphasized in social welfare development in most countries. in this regard, public health care with its pervasive effects on the general level of communities' health is a top priority drawing the attention of planners and decision-makers a like. unequal and inharmonious distribution of such services leads to unequal accessibility ca...

OBJECTIVES This article outlines the budgetary setting within the UK health-care system. METHODS It is argued that while prospective budgets can give rise to efficient resource allocation outcomes, this relies on the budget being set at an appropriate level and the accompanying incentive structures being efficient. The organizational structures and the interrelationships are critical. The rec...

This article briefly describes the legislative history of the old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) and supplemental security income (SSI) provisions, as well as related Medicare and Medicaid provisions, of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-272). It includes a chronology outlining the interaction of the budget reconciliation process with th...

We present a dynamic two-region model with overlapping generations. There are two types of productive public expenditure, education and infrastructure funding, and governments decide optimally on budget size (tax rate) and its allocation across the two outlays. Productivity of government infrastructure spending can differ across regions. This assumption follows well established empirical eviden...

This paper analyzes the fiscal and land value impacts of public open-­‐space conservation in a budget-­‐constrained city. It derives the necessary and sufficient conditions for open-­‐space conservation to increase the level of municipal services and the total land value within the ...

The potential of the internet has been recognised to enhance government initiated citizen communication. Despite limited experience so far, some lessons for designing online-participation have been learned: Ensuring the external and internal relevance of online consultation processes seems crucial. Some measurements to ensure the external and internal relevance will be set out in a description ...

OBJECTIVES To describe changes in the organizational structure of state health-related departments/agencies between 1990 and 2009; to identify factors associated with key organizational structures; and to investigate their relationship with different resource allocations across health policy areas, as represented by state budgets. DESIGN Original data collection on the organization of state h...