Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) involves mainly the medial tibiofemoral joint of knee as stresses weight bearing involve condyle tibia: thus, this is primary site for OA. The work aimed to evaluating results proximal fibular osteotomy alone or conducted with arthroscopic lavage and debridement treatment unicompartmental osteoarthritis in elderly patients.
 Methods: This study was carried o...

background: laparascopic surgery is associated with post operative pain .optimal pain treatment with minimal side effects is essential for early recovery and mobility in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery .we compaired the analgesic effect pregabalin and gabapentin with different doses in this surgical procedurs.methods: in a randomized , double blind , ninety patients were  allocated to ...

statement of problem: dental caries is one of the common diseases in the world. it is an infective disease which is caused by loss of minerals and destruction of dental tissues. one of the most effective ways to diagnose the interproximal caries is radiography. bitewing radiography is the best way for caries diagnosis. purpose: the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the interpr...

We have studied the effect of the 5' cap structure on the splicing of precursor mRNAs containing three exons and two introns within a single molecule in a HeLa nuclear extract. When a precursor mRNA was capped, the upstream intron was spliced out more efficiently than the downstream intron. The differential splicing reactions of the two introns are not due to differences in the intrinsic effici...

Recurrent epididymitis and a history of anorectal malformation (ARM) may be secondary to an ectopic vas deferens to ureter described as persistent mesonephric duct syndrome. This is a case of a child with ARM found to have bilateral ectopic ureter to vas connection. The histopathology specimen here would suggest this is an ectopic ureter to vas. In a child with ARM that is undergoing nephrectom...

Both the muscle and endothelium of the vertebrate limb derive from somites. We have used replication-defective retroviral vectors to analyze the lineage relationships of these somite-derived cells in the chick. We find that myogenic precursors in the somites or proximal limb are not committed to forming slow or fast muscle fibers, particular anatomical muscles, or muscles within specific proxim...

Approximately 30% of all upper extremity fractures are elbow which may result stiffness. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy onaBotulinum Toxin type A injection prevent post-traumatic pain and elbow-stiffness. All patients were included who presented a single surgeon with supracondylar/ intraarticular distal humerus fractures, proximal ulna radius fractures. The was developed in random...

BACKGROUND Chronic proximal hamstring tendinopathy is an overuse syndrome that is usually managed by nonoperative methods. Shockwave therapy has proved to be effective in many tendinopathies. HYPOTHESIS Shockwave therapy may be more effective than other nonoperative treatments for chronic proximal hamstring tendinopathy. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled clinical study; Level of evidence, ...