Protozoal water contamination is an alarming cause of countless waterborne outbreaks. The mosteminent causal protozoa are Cryptosporidium and Giardia species (spp.) as they can endure aquaticenvironment even with chlorine disinfectants. currently used traditional techniques cannot permitan easy detection the concerning their count, viability, pathogenicity. Thepresent work detected protozoal dr...

Swiss Saanen goat is a widespread breed frequently found in commercial herds across the world. The present study aimed to identify the rumen microbial community of exotic Saanen goats adapted to a fibrous diet using barcoded pyrosequencing. Rumen content samples were collected from the four animals via a stomach tube after the morning graze and freeze-dried for DNA extraction. Bacterial and arc...

This study was designed to determine the effects of five different salinity levels (25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 ppt) on survival rate Farfantepenaeus aztecus larvae from Nauplius5 post-larvae1 (N5-PL1). For this purpose, 50 that reached N5 stage were stocked in 2-L round bottom glass flasks replications grown up PL1 at 27.6±0.4°C. At end study, as highest (44.00±23.15) protozoal stages obtained 35 pp...

Measurement of ruminal microbial protein is necessary to quantify ruminal escape of dietary protein and microbial yields. Microbial markers used most widely have been the internal markers, diaminopimelic acid and nucleic acids (RNA, DNA, individual purines and pyrimidines, or total purines), and the external isotopic markers (e.g., 15N and 35S). Combined with digesta flow markers in ruminally a...

Humate substances (HSs) are raw materials very easy to obtain and naturally occurring organic molecules found in soil due the humification of dead components. Traditionally used as conventional medicine China India fertilizer agriculture. Humic acids widely utilized feed additives could enhance ruminant performance. The effect humic acid on intake depends level supplementation, a source, experi...

TiiK term " leptospirosis" means infection by that group of spirochetes known as Leptospira. For many years there was much discussion as to whether spirochetes should be classed among protozoa or among the non-protozoal bacteria. Many workers, basing their arguments mainly on Schaudinn's classical paper published in 1905 (i), claimed that they were protozoa: on the other hand, there is strong e...

Protozoal infections, though endemic to certain regions, can be seen all around the world, because of the increase in travel and migration. In addition, immunosuppression associated with various conditions, particularly with HIV infection, favors the occurrence of more severe manifestations and failure to respond to treatments. The CNS may be the only affected system; when not, it is often the ...