INTRODUCTION The effects of high pressure on living material are little understood and probably complicated. In a number of cases the tendency of cytoplasmic inclusions to become stratified by centrifuging is increased, and this is attributed to a decrease in protoplasmic viscosity (Marsland, 1942). High pressure is therefore considered to solate protoplasmic gels. In addition, high pressure af...

The reactive changes in different types of astrocytes were analyzed in parkinsonian syndromes in order to identify common reactions and their relationship to disease severity. Immunohistochemistry was used on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from the putamen, pons, and substantia nigra from 13 Parkinson disease (PD), 29 multiple-system atrophy (MSA), 34 progressive supranuclear palsy ...

Plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum is a single cell visible by unaided eye. During its foraging behaviour the cell spans spatially distributed sources of nutrients with a protoplasmic network. Geometrical structure of the protoplasmic networks allows the plasmodium to optimize transfer of nutrients between remote parts of its body, to distributively sense its environment, and make a decentrali...

Washed elementary bodies obtained from dermal vaccine virus contain ash, carbohydrate, fat, and nitrogen a part of which is undoubtedly in the form of protein. These components are similar to those found in bacteria and other substances of protoplasmic origin.

We used fracture-label and surface labeling techniques to characterize the distribution and topology of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) receptors in the plasma membrane of boar sperm heads. We show that freeze-fracture results in preferential, but not exclusive, partition of WGA-binding sites with the outer (exoplasmic) half of the plasma membrane. Labeling of the inner (protoplasmic) half of the m...

Phenomena previously unknown in free-living spirochetes are reported: large-sized cells with variable diameter (length to 100 microns, width between 0.4 and 3.0 microns), composite structure (smaller spirochetes inside larger ones), and positive phototropic behavior. These bacteria, Spirosymplokos, are compared with all other spirochete genera. The large spirochete, grown in mixed culture, was ...

The present paper reports measurements on the electrolyte content of immature rat uteri before and after the administration of a single dose of estrogen. It has been shown previously that estrogen causes a prompt and striking increase in the weight and water content of rat uteri and that these changes are followed by a further gain in weight associated with an increase in mitotic activity and p...