the silver spr chip was modified by alkaline-silane condensation with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (aptes) in naoh aqueous solution at different times. silver sputtered slides coated with aptes were immersed in naoh solution, enabling us to produce silver surfaces homogeneously covered with aptes. the surface properties of grafted aptes on sputtered silver surface as a occasion of time were studi...

For enhancing the protection level of dynamic graph software watermarks and for the purpose of conducting the analysis which evaluates the effect of integrating two software protection techniques such as software watermarking and tamper-proofing, constant encoding technique along with the enhancement through the idea of constant splitting is proposed. In this paper Thomborson technique has been...

● Increase in customer engagement through demand response and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) deployments These applications hold the potential to provide significant benefits to utilities and their customers (Table 1) and quickly realize a positive return on investment (ROI). However, to make these DA applications successful and to achieve the vision of ubiquitous access to near-real-ti...

This paper presents a new digital protection system to solve the protection challenges in future smart grids, i.e., fast protection and fault isolation in a loop-structured system with limited magnitude of fault current. The new system combines two protection algorithms, i.e., a differential protection as the primary algorithm and an overcurrent protection as the backup one. The new system uses...

Accurate models of Overcurrent (OC) with inverse time relay characteristics play an important role for coordination of power system protection schemes. This paper proposes a new method for modeling OC relays curves. The model is based on fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks. The feed forward multilayer perceptron neural network is used to calculate operating times of OC relays for various...