Service-oriented collective intelligence, which creates new value by combining various programs and data as services, requires many participants. Therefore it is crucial for an infrastructure for serviceoriented collective intelligence to satisfy various policies of service providers. Some previous works have proposed methods for service selection and adaptation which are required to satisfy se...

The enforcement of sensitive policies in untrusted environments is still an open challenge for policy-based systems. On the one hand, taking any appropriate security decision requires access to these policies. On the other hand, if such access is allowed in an untrusted environment then confidential information might be leaked by the policies. The key challenge is how to enforce sensitive polic...

There is increasing demand from both organizations and individuals for technology capable of enforcing sophisticated, context-sensitive policies, whether security and privacy policies, corporate policies or policies reflecting various regulatory requirements. In open environments, enforcing such policies requires the ability to reason about the policies themselves as well as the ability to dyna...

INTRODUCTION There are several vested interest lies on research publication hence the editorial policy is the sole important factor to control and regulate ethical publications in medical sciences especially on 'conflict of interest' issue. The study was aimed to assess on awareness of 'conflict of interest' issue in medical research and publication among the editorial staff, peer reviewers and a...

BACKGROUND Busy clinicians need easy access to evidence-based information to inform their clinical practice. Publishers and organizations have designed specific tools to meet doctors' needs at the point of care. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe online point-of-care summaries and evaluate their breadth, content development, and editorial policy against their claims of being "evi...

In 2005, we performed the largest survey on clinical trials of biotherapies for all solid tumors and found indirect evidence of a publication bias: editors of medical journals were more prone to publish positive results independently from the quality of the studies. We collected data from 2003 to 2015 in 487 studies, and the publication bias previously described was not found in the years betwe...

Does advertising compromise the issue of peer review audits of journals? In a recent New York 7hrres article, 1 George D. Lundberg, editor of JAJL4-l?re Journal of the American Medical Association (JAM4), was reported to be reluctant to provide information on the ~rformance of peer review. Other journal editors interviewed for the limes article, however, look more favorably on the idea of audit...

EDITOR: Mark Abramowicz, M.D. DEPUTY EDITOR: Gianna Zuccotti, M.D., M.P.H., Weill Medical College of Cornell University CONSULTING EDITOR: Martin A. Rizack, M.D., Ph.D., Rockefeller University CONTRIBUTING EDITOR: Philip D. Hansten, Pharm.D., University of Washington ADVISORY BOARD: Jules Hirsch, M.D., Rockefeller University; James D. Kenney, M.D., Yale University School of Medicine; Gerald L. ...

Research and ethics are inseparable. Based on abhorrent research abuses under the cloak of scientific enquiry, development of the process for the ethical overview of research on/with humans was undertaken. By the end of the twentieth century, sufficient and extensive local and international principles, guidelines, legislations, and treaties about research on humans were in place, with all human...