Production efficiency models (PEMs) are based on the theory of light use efficiency (LUE) which states that a relatively constant relationship exists between photosynthetic carbon uptake and radiation receipt at the canopy level. Challenges remain however in the application of the PEM methodology to global net primary productivity (NPP) monitoring. The objectives of this review are as follows: ...

This paper analyzes the role of production distortion for income redistribution in an international trade model. In particular, this paper examines the role of the Stolper and Samuelson effect (Stolper and Samuelson 1941) on efficient income redistribution. It first shows that production inefficiency can be a part of a Pareto-efficient tax system when there is an asymmetric information problem ...

Speech is considered an efficient communication channel. This implies that the organization of utterances is such that more speaking effort is directed towards important parts than towards redundant parts. Based on a model of incremental word recognition, the importance of a segment is defined as its contribution to word-disambiguation. This importance is measured as the segmental information c...

Rumen microbes produce cellular protein inefficiently partly because they do not direct all ATP toward growth. They direct some ATP toward maintenance functions, as long-recognized, but they also direct ATP toward reserve carbohydrate synthesis and energy spilling (futile cycles that dissipate heat). Rumen microbes expend ATP by vacillating between (1) accumulation of reserve carbohydrate after...

We examine the interaction between risk (uncertainty) and production efficiency in determining pay-performance sensitivity in optimal executive compensation. Particularly, we show that the risk-incentive trade-off is exacerbated (attenuated) as production efficiency increases when the efficiency level is greater (less) than the level of compensation risk. This result suggests that the optimalit...

Adapting arguments from queuing theory, we investigate a mathematical model for protein production efficiency from mRNA. Our model involves six parameters: the mRNA length, the clearance distance a ribosome must travel from the initiation site before another ribosome can attach, the ribosomal attachment rate, the ribosomal traveling speed along the mRNA, the mRNA degradation rate, and the proba...

found, had they considered N derived from the soil (Keeney, 1982; van der Ploeg et al., 1997). Using the Worldwide, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for cereal production same references and assumptions in Table 1, cereal (wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; corn, Zea mays L.; rice, Oryza sativa L. and O. glaberrima Steud.; barley, Hordeum vulgare L.; sorghum, NUEs are 42 and 29% in developed and develop...

To gain analytical insight into whether input resources matter in public education, a Becker/Peltzman/Stigler model of the determination of local educational budgets and outputs by political authorities is constructed. The model results are consistent with empirical findings that resources don’t matter, even when all schools are efficient, if errors in measurement and specification occur. When ...

the present study used different categories of organized sector manufacturing industries pooled data for the periods of 1981-82 and 2007-08 in haryana state (india). the present undertaking seeks to analyze the inter-temporal and inter-industry comparison of total factor productivity (tfp) measured by malmquist productivity index - an application of dea which calculates the indices of tfp and i...

This article introduces a genetic programming algorithm for the solution of the multiobjective cellformation problem. This problem is related to the design of a cellular manufacturing production system. A well-known evolutionary multiobjective technique guides the algorithm in its search for the Pareto set of solutions. The framework is tested on an industrial case study taken from the literatu...