the focal objective of this study is to analyze and explore the co-movement of pakistan stock market (kse-100) with the stock market of developed countries (us, uk, canada, australia, germany, japan, france and neither land) which have portfolio investment in pakistan by applying co-integration approach using johansen and juselius multivariate and bi variate co-integration. secondary data of st...

Food security becomes an issue for concern and possible policy response when it points to nutritional deficiencies access insufficient food in many developing countries. Over the years, prime focus has been on self-sufficiency major cereal production energy availability these areas. Diversification farm could play a part improving household well-being through enhancing economic increasing oppor...

The global trend of industrializing agriculture increasingly transforms farms and firms into specialized component suppliers within a multi-stage food processing chain, which creates intraindustry trade betweenand within geographical regions. This can be analyzed within the framework of a hypothetical multiregional food-processing firm that benefits from outsourcing various ‘tasks’ to other sub...

Mating signals may diversify as a byproduct of morphological adaptation to different foraging niches, potentially driving speciation. Although many studies have focused on the direct influence of ecological and sexual selection on signal divergence, the role of indirect mechanisms remains poorly understood. Using phenotypic and molecular datasets, we explored the interplay between morphological...

OBJECTIVE To assess the attitudes and behaviours of North Carolina tobacco farmers around crop diversification. DESIGN Cross-sectional telephone survey. PARTICIPANTS Active tobacco farmers in 14 North Carolina counties (n = 1236), interviewed between January and April 1997 (91% response rate). OUTCOME MEASURES Interest in, experience with, and perceived barriers to diversification. RESU...

Background: Explanations for asymmetric patterns of diversification continue to challenge paleontologists and neontologists with competing hypotheses within genetic-development and ecological frameworks. In 1988, a hypothesis was proposed that tied a primordial germ cell (PGC) determination mechanism to clade (phyla) diversification. Two general mechanisms for PGC determination are recognized: ...