Many animals live in a communication network, an environment where individuals can obtain information about competitors or potential mates by observing interactions between conspecifics. In such an environment, interactants might benefit by changing their signalling behaviour in the presence of an audience. This audience effect seems widespread among species, has been observed during various ty...

There have been numerous longitudinal periodontal studies that have compared the effects of two or more therapies on various clinical parameters. These studies are reviewed and their results are compiled. Both surgical and non-surgical therapy produced improvement in periodontal health. Surgical therapy tended to create greater short-term probing depth reduction than non-surgical therapy; howev...

Knowing the detailed topology of the Internet at the Autonomous System (AS) level is extremely valuable for both researchers and industry when making network policies. Although there are many measurement projects and databases that provide this information, such as ARK, RETRO, ONO and PeeringDB, they only offer a partial view for analyzing end-to-end Internet routing paths and they do not focus...

Investigations of communication networks in animals have focused primarily on determining whether animals extract information from peripheral contests (eavesdropping) or respond to the presence of bystanders (audience effect). The possibility that an animal’s response to being watched might be context dependent, however, has been explored in far less detail. This study investigated the influenc...

Animals observing conspecifics during mate choice can gain additional information about potential mates. However, the presence of an observer, if detected by the observed individuals, can influence the nature of the behavior of the observed individuals, called audience effect. In zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata castanotis), domesticated males show an audience effect during mate choice. Howev...