introduction: based on the invasive studies it has been shown that factors such as age, the progress of eye disorders, lens fibers compression and the biochemical changes of ocular matrix alter the physical characteristics and elastic properties of eye. in this study, a noninvasive method of estimating human eye elasticityis proposed and its relation with age and gender is evaluated using ultra...

Quasicrystals can carry, in addition to the classical phonon displacement field, a phason displacement field, which requires a generalized theory of elasticity. In this paper, the third-order strain invariants (including phason strain) of icosahedral quasicrystals are determined. They are connected with 20 independent third-order elastic constants. By means of non-linear elasticity, phason stra...

This paper examines the smoking behavior in China using the urban data set from the 1995 Chinese Household Income Study. We investigate the two parts of elasticity through employing two main models. We find the estimate of overall cigarette price elasticity is –0.654 by combining the estimates of participation elasticity and conditional elasticity. The result implies that people still care abou...

Incorporating a household’s net sale status into a rearranged Slutsky equation with combined ordinary and endowment income effects, this paper aims to reinterpret the income elasticity of demand in the case of buying and selling and to associate it with types of goods in a novel manner. To this end, the Deaton’s (1989) net benefit ratio (NBR) approach is expressed as the difference between orig...

Emerging evidence suggests that sex steroids are important for human skin health. In particular, estrogen improves skin thickness, elasticity and moisture of older women. The major source of circulating estrogen is the ovary; however, local estrogen synthesis and secretion have important roles in, for example, bone metabolism and breast cancer development. We hypothesized that infiltrated perip...

Equity mutual fund loads have fallen, while stock ownership rates and equity mutual fund use have risen, plausibly boosting the stock wealth elasticity of U.S. consumption. Because of limited wealth and diversification needs, load declines likely spurred middle-income families to invest in equity, consistent with cross-section data and the calibration model of Heaton and Lucas (2000). In load-m...

The capital income share exceeds the capital output elasticity if capital owners extract rents. Based on a sample of 111 countries during the period 1970-2010, this paper provides estimates of the capital output elasticity and compares these to countries' capital income shares. Three findings arise: (i) for the average country in the sample, the capital income share significantly exceeds the ca...

Cloud environments are being increasingly used for deploying and executing business processes and particularly Service-based Business Processes (SBPs). One of the expected features of Cloud environments is elasticity at different levels. It is obvious that provisioning of elastic platforms is not sufficient to provide elasticity of the deployed business process. Therefore, SBPs should be provid...

statement of the problem: endodontic surgery if required is considered as an additive therapy after classic endodontic treatments. the most prevalent type of endodontic surgeries are apicoectomy and corrective surgeries. type of material applied in apicoectomies is of high importance. root end filling material should not only be biocompatible but also provide appropriate seal. considering these...

We propose a framework for the unified analysis of mixed methods for elasticity with weakly symmetric stress. Based on a commuting diagram in the weakly symmetric elasticity complex and extending a previous stability result, stable mixed methods are obtained by combining Stokes stable and elasticity stable finite elements. We show that the framework can be used to analyze most existing mixed me...