In insurance applications yearly claim totals of different coverage fields are often dependent. In many cases there are numerous claim totals which are zero. A marginal claim distribution will have an additional point mass at zero, hence this probability function (pf) will not be continuous at zero and the cumulative distribution functions will not be uniform. Therefore using a copula approach ...

Automobile use has greatly increased during the last few decades. The number of passenger kilometers by private car per capita increased by 90 percent in Western Europe and 13 percent in the US between 1970 and 1990. In 1990, the average number of passenger kilometers travelled by private car in the US (18,650 km) was more than double the Western European figure (8710 km; OECD, 1996). The numbe...

The rapid urbanization in China urges scholars to investigate the impacts of built environment on level travel satisfaction rural residents improve their quality life and make planning exercises more human-centric. This study samples six villages out 25 top areas Chengdu, Sichuan, China, as research object constructs a structural equation model explore direct indirect daily residents. finds tha...

Although car ownership continues to rise worldwide, temporary or more lasting phases of demotorization (reduction in the number vehicles owned) are taking place at household level. Existing studies show that probability increases certain stages life cycle, for example, associated with a reduction size income, move neighborhood better transit provision. However, rationale and temporalities decis...

Car-sharing business provides members access to a fleet of shared-use vehicles in a network of locations on a short-term, as-needed basis. It allows individuals to gain the benefits of private vehicle use without the costs and responsibilities of ownership. The primary advantage of car sharing as opposed to the car rental business is that it provides flexibility of using the vehicles for shorte...

Developments in risk-transfer instruments and risk management techniques in the last two decades have fundamentally changed how banks manage their assets and liabilities. In this document we show that, for all three sectors of German universal banks (private commercial banks, savings banks, and cooperative banks), asset-liability dependency declined over the period 1994-2007, the decline was st...