the debate whether esp teachers need to have knowledge of the specialized field they are teaching has been an issue in the literature over the last two decades. the aim of conducting this study was to explore iranian learners’ and instructors’ beliefs and attitudes concerning the role of specialized knowledge in teaching esp classes. a seventeen item questionnaire was administered to 400 esp le...

writing as a productive skill requires practice in the basic sub-skills of vocabulary and grammar. in fact, grammar has been viewed as the core of programs in writing classes to help the students put the elements of sentence together and combine sentences of specific lengths to come up with an error-free work of art. conceptualizing l2 writing in this way introduces writing as a product and enc...

this study sought to examine the effect of cooperative game on iranian students achievements in english alphabet learning. cooperative games are games, in which players or teams work together towards a common goal without defeating someone. the methodology used in this study was experimental. the population of the study was 60 female students from the grade one in secondary school in tabriz, ir...

این تحقیق به منظور آنالیز همزمان، جهت پایش 7 آفت کش غیر مجاز در خیار شهرستان دره شهر ، با استفاده از روش quechers پایه گذاری شده است. اساس روش برپایه استخراج، با استو نیتریل و پاکسازی نمونه تو سط ماده جاذب سطحی primary secondary amine وgraphite carbone black و شناسایی و تعیین مقدار با استفاده از دستگاه gc/ecd است. برای از بین بردن اثر ماتریکس منحنی کا لیبراسیون ، با استفاده از آنا لیز نمونه های...

ABSTRACT To study the prevalence of infertility, both primary and secondary, also outcome of pregnancy and uptake of medical services about that and some demographic factors in a given population of women. An interview-questionnaire survey of 1200 married women in the age group 40-50 who lived in the west of Tehran. Method of women selection was stratified random sampling. 26 questio...