This study was aimed, by means of the retrograde tracing technique, at disclosing the distribution of efferent neurones innervating the porcine oviduct. The fluorescent retrograde tracer Fast Blue was injected into the wall of the right oviduct in six juvenile pigs during laparotomy performed under anaesthesia. After a recovery period of 3 weeks the animals were reanaesthetised, perfused with 4...

BACKGROUND The clinical picture of IgG4-related sclerosing disease (IgG4-RSD) may mimic lymphoma, and should be in the differential diagnosis of patients with this clinical picture. CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old female had recurrent swelling of both eyelids for more than 15 years. Examination revealed elastic, firm, swollen lacrimal glands about 2-3 cm in diameter that was not painful. Head and ...

Presacral vertebrae, excluding the atlas and axis, obtained from fifty dried vertebral columns were carefully examined to detect the muscular tubercles derived from the attachments of the paravertebral muscles. On the basis of the divisions of these muscles, the tubercles may be classified as follows : (1) tubercles of the median attachments of the back muscles observed at the tips of the spine...

Head and neck surgeons often rely on imaging to determine if a neoplasm is resectable. Many of the critical issues are outlined in the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual, wherein T4a and T4b head and neck cancers are defined as resectable and unresectable, respectively. Even within the T4a advanced resectable classification, there are critical determinants that define whether the...

INTRODUCTION Acute calcific longus colli tendinitis, also known as retropharyngeal or acute calcific prevertebral tendinitis, is a reactive self-limiting inflammatory response to acute or subacute deposition of amorphous calcium hydroxyapatite crystals in the tendons of the longus colli muscle, anterior to the C1-C2 disk space. CASE PRESENTATION A 53-year-old man presented with a complaint of...

Introduction The vertebral artery (VA) is important to posterior cerebral circulation. It arises from the superior surface of the first part of the subclavian artery medial to the scalenus anterior muscle. The vessel takes a vertical posterior course to enter into the transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra. It continues through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae and af...

The effects of the nitric oxide donor, S-nitrosoacetylpenicillamine (SNAP), were tested on cultured dissociated guinea pig celiac ganglion neurons using whole cell patch-clamp recordings. S-nitrosoacetylpenicillamine induced a concentration- and voltage-dependent inwardly directed shift in holding current (inward current shift) in 89% of neurons. The inward current shift was prevented by pre-tr...