we performed molecular dynamics simulations using the coarse-grained model to study the freezing behavior of pure water and 14% water-salt mixture in a wide range of temperatures for a very long time around 50 nanoseconds. for the salty water, an interface in nanoscale was used. for both systems, the freezing behavior of water molecules was studied using some qualities such as density, total en...

Adaptation to desiccation tolerance or anhydrobiosis has puzzled scientists for more than 300 years. Over the last few decades, considerable emphasis has been placed on understanding the role of two key molecules involved in anhydrobiosis: a peculiar disaccharide named trehalose and the hydrophilic LEA (Late Embryogenesis Abundant) proteins. In an article published in the Biochemical Journal in...

Postural instability and resulting falls are major factors determining quality of life, morbidity, and mortality in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). A better understanding of balance impairments would improve management of balance dysfunction and prevent falls in patients with PD. The effects of bradykinesia, rigidity, impaired proprioception, freezing of gait and attention on postura...

A number of food poisoning outbreaks in hospitals have been recorded in South Africa:-' In order to prevent such outbreaks in the Tygerberg Hospital a comprehensive investigation into all possible sources of food poisoning has been carried out. The investigation covered the bacteriological testing of all raw food supplied to the hospital, the same food after normal cooking, and after subsequent...

Some existing laws and some proposed legislation regulating the practice of in vitro fertilization (IVF) limit its availability to infertile couples. Dawson and Singer question whether it is reasonable to so restrict access to IVF, and examine some of the medical and social circumstances in which IVF and the related procedures of embryo freezing, embryo biopsy, and embryo transfer might be use...

A frozen phase transition model is developed to investigate the heat and mass transfer of a single water droplet during the vacuum freezing process. The model is based on the diffusion-controlled evaporation mechanism and phase transition characteristics. The droplet vacuum freezing process can be divided into three stages according to the droplet states and the time order. It includes the evap...

We optimized methanol treatment in paraformaldehyde-fixed slices for immunofluorescent staining of ependymal basal bodies in brain ventricles. As 100% methanol induced severe deformations to the slices (including rolling and folding over), we tried to decrease methanol concentration. We found that 33.3% to 75% methanol could result in ideal immunostaining of basal bodies without inducing obviou...

To prevent the cable sheaths of Er’qi Yangtze River Bridge from freezing under bad weather in winter, which may lead to ice fall and bring traffic safety accidents, a theoretical model technical scheme hot air melt system for has been proposed. Based on established heat transfer sheaths, characteristics between internal outdoor environment have analyzed. Under condition when temperature end she...

The term food preservation refers to any one of a number of techniques used to prevent food from spoiling. The following are the general methods of food preservation:  application of heat, such as canning and preserving, pasteurization, evaporation, sun-drying, dehydration and smoking,  application of cold, as ill cold storage, refrigeration and freezing,  the use of chemical substances such...

BACKGROUND Freezing of gait (FOG) remains one of the most common debilitating aspects of Parkinson's disease and has been linked to injuries, falls and reduced quality of life. Although commercially available portable cueing devices exist claiming to assist with overcoming freezing; their immediate effectiveness in overcoming gait initiation failure is currently unknown. This study investigated...