AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 325 © 2012 The Authors. ANZJPH © 2012 Public Health Association of Australia After individuals have been exposed to tuberculosis (TB), tubercle bacilli may cause disease or remain quiescent but viable for many decades; this latter state is known as latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). During this phase, individuals are asymptomatic and pose n...

BACKGROUND Despite elevated risk profiles for depression among South Asian and Black Caribbean people in the UK, prevalences of late-life depressive symptoms across the UK's three major ethnic groups have not been well characterized. METHOD Data were collected at baseline and 20-year follow-up from 632 European, 476 South Asian and 181 Black Caribbean men and women (aged 58-88 years), of a co...

BACKGROUND High levels of psychiatric morbidity in prisoners have been documented in many countries, but it is not known whether rates of mental illness have been increasing over time or whether the prevalence differs between low-middle-income countries compared with high-income ones. AIMS To systematically review prevalence studies for psychotic illness and major depression in prisoners, pro...

The study objectives were to determine the nutritional status of children under 2 years of age in selected areas of the Russian Federation, to estimate the proportion of children potentially at risk for nutritional problems, and to characterize such a vulnerable group in terms of demographic variables. A cross-sectional sample of children under 2 years of age was used. Six areas Moscow, St Pete...

Tobacco use is the world's leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Although Oman remains a country with the lowest tobacco use in the Arab Gulf States, the prevalence of tobacco use is projected to increase to 33.3% by 2025. In 2005, Oman acceded to the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, an international treaty with numerous obligations aiming to ...

Although dogs are the most widespread and abundant of all carnivores, the role of the dog in human cultures and its impact on the environment have rarely been studied. These subjects are reviewed in the context of canine rabies. To understand the epizootiology of canine rabies, the ecology and population biology of the dog must be considered. Information on dog populations (in relation to diffe...

background & aim: a meta-analysis refers to the statistical synthesis of results from a series of studies and has been used to estimate pooled prevalence of human diseases. in this study, we review some statistical issues regarding the meta-analysis of the prevalence of human diseases such as statistical software and programs, transformations of prevalence rate, assessment of heterogeneity, and...