The purpose of this study was to determine if a pharmacology medical history assignment would enable dental students to demonstrate improved knowledge and understanding of pharmacology by researching the drugs their patients were taking and recording pharmacological information in their patients' health records. The study followed a pretest-posttest design and evaluated students' knowledge of t...

In this paper we review, and elaborate on, the literature on a regression artifact related to Lord's paradox in a continuous setting. Specifically, the question is whether a continuous property of individuals predicts improvement from training between a pretest and a posttest. If the pretest score is included as a covariate, regression to the mean will lead to biased results if two critical con...

The purpose was to compare the effects of two practicum types (off campus and on campus) on physical education teacher education (PETE) students' attitudes and perceived competence toward teaching school-aged students with physical disabilities or moderate-severe mental retardation. PETE students, enrolled in a 15-week introductory adapted physical education (APE) course and involved in eight s...

In September 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended routine HIV testing for all Americans aged 13-64, which would eliminate requirements for written consent and pretest counseling as previously required. However, this approach may conflict with state requirements concerning pretest counseling and informed consent for HIV testing. Our survey of state HIV testing l...

Whether invertebrates exhibit positive emotion-like states and what mechanisms underlie such states remain poorly understood. We demonstrate that bumblebees exhibit dopamine-dependent positive emotion-like states across behavioral contexts. After training with one rewarding and one unrewarding cue, bees that received pretest sucrose responded in a positive manner toward ambiguous cues. In a sec...

The present study was conducted to examine the hypothesis that children's feelings of uncertainty would mediate between pre-experience and rule acquisition in observational learning. After received a pretest, subjects were requested to estimate their response uncertainty concerning a task used in the pretest. Then they observed a model responding to a series of pictures each of which depicting ...

The aim of this study was to adapt the "Questionnaires for Knowledge and Compliance with Standard Precaution" to Brazilian Portuguese. This was a methodological study with the following steps: 1) initial translations; 2) synthesis of translations; 3) analysis by a committee of experts; 4) back translation; 5) semantic validation; and 6) pretest. The sample was composed of 42 nurses, 12 of which...

The purpose of this study was to pilot the Positive Life Changes (PLC) program, a comprehensive cognitive-behavioral intervention for at-risk adolescents that aims to promote social competencies and to prevent aggression. The program was piloted in 4 intervention groups with a sample of 31 self-referred adolescents (M age 15.64) attending an alternative high school. Questionnaires at pretest an...