A data preprocessing is a process of cleaning the data, data integration and data transformation. It intends to reduce some noises and inconsistent data. Data preprocessing is the process of keeping the dataset ready for the process. The results of preprocessing step are later used by data mining algorithms. This paper focus on preprocessing the attributes that are related to crime data and tha...

Hyperspectral Endmember extraction of a set of accurateendmembers is critical for the proper unmixing of Hyperspectral image. Several preprocessing algorithms such as spatial preprocessing (SPP), region based spatial preprocessing (RBSPP), and spatial spectral preprocessing (SSPP) have been developed for the extraction of endmembers. These algorithms require complex operations and huge computat...