LEACH protocol is considered the best in the WSN protocols in extending the network lifetime and reduces energy loss, but LEACH suffers from the problem of the correct distribution of the nodes correlation with CHs. In this paper, we propose an improved protocol called LEACH-Z(LEACH zones), this protocol improves the distribution of clusters by making the clusters near the base station(BS) larg...

Wireless sensor networks are designed to extract data from the deployment environment and combine sensing, data processing and wireless communication to provide useful information for the network users. Hundreds or thousands of small embedded units, which operate under low-energy supply and with limited access to central network control, rely on interconnecting protocols to coordinate data aggr...

-----------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-------------------------------------------------------------Sensor nodes can be used for continuous sensing, location sensing and event detection with the help of different types of sensors such as seismic, thermal, visual, infrared, magnetic, and many gaseous sensors. Sensor networks have wide range of applications...

Solvent extraction of copper from the copper leach solution obtained from the ammoniacal carbonate leaching of the Sarcheshmeh copper concentrate was carried out, and the performance of CP-150, LIX984N, and Kelex100 as well as the effects of different parameters involved were investigated. According to the results obtained, the extraction kinetics of all the three extractants was fast. High con...

Wireless sensor networks provide the facility for collecting diverse types of data at frequent intervals, even multiple times per second and over large areas. Data-gathering wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are operated unattended over long time horizons to collect data in several applications such as those in climate monitoring and a variety of ecological studies. The proposed system considers ...

In the face of depletion of fossil resources, the development of nuclear power in the world is inevitable. Poland is one of the few developed countries, which does not have a nuclear power plant [1]. Therefore, The programme of Polish nuclear energy has recently been implemented. Simultaneously, the interest in domestic uranium ores, which fi rst appeared in the fi ftieth of the previous centur...

Aeration improves the capacity of leachfields to decontaminate and reduce the nutrient load of wastewater. To gain a better understanding of the effects of aeration, we examined the faunal and microbial communities of septic system leachfield soil (0–4 and 4–13 cm) using replicated (n 5 3) mesocosms that were actively aerated (AIR) or unaerated (LEACH). Protozoa were 40 to 140 times more abunda...

A low grade chalcopyrite ore was leached with H2O2/(NH4)2SO4 and the leach liquor contained 42.96 mol m copper, 3.52 mol m zinc and 11.23 mol m magnesium. From this leach liquor separation of copper was carried out with supported liquid membrane using LIX84I as mobile carrier. Celgard 2400, a microporous polypropylene film was used as the solid support for the liquid membrane. The effect of pH ...

the effect on sugar beets of water and nitrogen movement in the soil under different water conditions was assessed over two years (2000-1) at the khorasan agricultural research center. three water treatments (no water stress, continuous stress and primary stress) and three n amounts (80, 160 and 240 kg n/ha) were investigated. the amount of moisture depletion in the water treatments was 50%, 80...