Regional brain concentration of monoamines (NA, DA and 5-HT) and their metabolites (MHPG, DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA) were measured in dominant and submissive cats in a predatory competition test and in predatory behaviour of single cats. A submissive position in predatory hierarchy produced an increase in concentration of NA in the hypothalamus, a decrease of DA, 5-HT, MHPG and MHPG/NA ratio in the...

While the previous literature on exclusive dealing has been concerned with the question of how exclusive dealing can raise static profits, this paper analyzes the question of how exclusive dealing can be used to predate in a dynamic context. It is shown that exclusive dealing may arise even if it reduces static profits. Exclusivity provisions may not only allow excluding efficient competitors, ...

Abstract A continued lack of clarity persists because academics, policymakers, and other interested parties are unable to clearly define what is a “predatory” journal or publisher, potentially wide gray zone exists there. In this perspective, we argue that journals should be evaluated on continuum, not just in two shades, black white. Since evaluations about might constitute made by humans, the...

Predatory pricing law attempts to keep prices low by harshly sanctioning prices that are anticompetitively low. The paradox of predatory pricing law is that even an analytically perfect specification of the line between predatory and innocent price cuts would result in deviations from optimal pricing because the very recognition of a predatory pricing offense will induce some firms to forgo inn...

objective: to assess the effect of combination of pulsed electromagnetic fields (pemf) with predatory stress on transected sciatic nerve regeneration in rats.  methods: in sham- operated group (sog) the nerve was manipulated and left intact. the 10-mm rat sciatic nerve gap was created in rats. in transected group (transected) nerve stumps were sutured to adjacent muscle and in vein graft group ...

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and Micavibrio aeruginosavorus are predatory bacteria that naturally-and obligately-prey on other Gram-negative bacteria, and their use has been proposed as a potential new approach to control microbial infection. The ability of predatory bacteria to prey on Gram-negative human pathogens in vitro is well documented; however, the in vivo safety and efficacy of predator...

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This study aims to describe all unsolicited electronic invitations received from potential predatory publishers or fraudulent conferences over a 12-month period following the first publication as a corresponding author of a junior academician. STUDY DESIGN Unsolicited invitations received at an institutional email address and perceived to be sent by predatory publishers o...

This paper presents evidence that reductions in mortgage interest rates associated with prepayment penalties are greater for riskier borrowers, as measured by mortgage type, credit scores, and local incomes and education levels. This is consistent with an efficiency view that, by reducing the reclassification risk faced by lenders, prepayment penalties can be welfareimproving. Additional findin...

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and Micavibrio aeruginosavorus are Gram-negative proteobacteria that are obligate predators of other Gram-negative bacteria and are considered potential alternatives to antibiotics. Most studies focusing on predatory bacteria have been performed in vitro, thus the effect of predatory bacteria on a live host, including the impact on the ecology of the native microbiota...

social stressors typically elicit two distinct behavioural responses in vertebrates: an active response (i.e., "fight or flight") or behavioural inhibition (i.e., freezing). Here, we report an interesting exception to this dichotomy in a Caribbean cleaner fish, which interacts with a wide variety of reef fish clients, including predatory species. Cleaning gobies appraise predatory clients as po...