The question of women‘s rights in Islam generates huge interest among Muslims and non-Muslims alike. Scholars of feminism are sharply divided on the question of women‘s status in Islam. One group associates Islam with misogyny and gender oppression, while the other celebrates the religion as a liberatory force for women. Remarkably, despite a surge in female educational attainment and conscious...

Beliefs and customs surrounding death, funeral rites, and mourning provide a window into a society’s most deeply held values. In the monotheistic faith of Islam, eschatology – belief in the Day of Judgment (Yawm al-din) and resurrection (al-qiyama) – underlies many practices. Public mourning rituals that commemorate the deaths of saints and martyrs are closely linked to the concept of salvation...

During the last decade the agenda of local and global politics is heavily marked by the encounter of two powerful currents, namely democracy and political Islam. On the one hand Islam as a religion itself is facing a cultural dialectic between a modern and an authentic form, producing a synthesis which is only to be criticized again by a new radical antithesis. Within that framework political I...

Islamic bioethics derives from a combination of principles, duties and rights, and, to a certain extent, a call to virtue. In Islam, bioethical decision-making is carried out within a framework of values derived from revelation and tradition. It is intimately linked to the broad ethical teachings of the Qur'an and the tradition of the Prophet Muhammed, and thus to the interpretation of Islamic ...

In this paper, a due date assignment scheduling problem with precedence constraints and controllable processing times in uncertain environment is investigated, in which the basic processing time of each job is assumed to be the symmetric trapezoidal fuzzy number, and the linear resource consumption function is used.The objective is to minimize the crisp possibilistic mean (or expected) value of...

many different books and essays have been written to explain the elegance of hafiz poems. implying some newly found amphibologies and allusions in the poems of khaje-ye-shiraz, this essay is going to present the using precedence of some amphibologies in the poems of badr chachi, the industrial poet of 8th century (lived in 745ah.).

This paper presents a distributed algorithm for the partial precedence constrained scheduling problem. In the classical precedence constrained scheduling problem all the dependent tasks must be scheduled before the task itself can be scheduled. The partial precedence constrained scheduling problem is a generalized version of the original precedence constrained problem in the sense that the numb...

The majority of the world’s Muslim population follows the Sunni branch of Islam, and approximately 10-15% of all Muslims follow the Shiite (Shi‘ite, Shi‘a, Shia) branch. Shiite populations constitute a majority in Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, and Azerbaijan. There are also significant Shiite populations in Afghanistan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Yemen. Sunnis and Shiites share ...