In debates about animal sentience, the precautionary principle is often invoked. The idea is that when the evidence of sentience is inconclusive, we should “give the animal the benefit of the doubt” or “err on the side of caution” in formulating animal protection legislation. Yet there remains confusion as to whether it is appropriate to apply the precautionary principle in this context, and, i...

The DCMI One-to-One Principle holds that related but conceptually different entities, such as a photograph and a digital image of that photograph, should be represented by separate metadata records. In practice, however, large numbers of practitioners do not adhere to this principle and commonly mix elements representing two related entities in a single metadata record. This paper explores reas...

Based on the point of view of neuroethology and cognition-psychology, general frame of theory for intelligent systems is presented by means of principle of relative entropy minimizing in this paper. Cream of the general frame of theory is to present and to prove basic principle of intelligent systems: entropy increases or decreases together with intelligence in the intelligent systems. The basi...

A new concept of approximation for rigid point sets is suggested. As a necessary condition of optimality, the principle of the conjoint centroid is proved: to achieve a best approximation, certain co-sets must conjoin their centroids. The practical use of the centroid principle, and how it opens up a non-classical method of modelling various aspects of orientational disorder in crystals, is dem...

From vehicle, gun, projectile and charge system, a basic principle has been presented for the first time in the paper by making use of the random-simulation technology based on the theory of interior ballistic, automat, vibration of self-propelled gun system, initial disturbing and external ballistic etc. The basic principle is achieved by simulating a movement procedure of the gun-vehicle syst...

We present a newly developed approach to solar coronal magnetic field extrapolation from vector magnetograms, based on the Principle of Minimum Dissipation Rate (MDR). The MDR system was derived from a variational problem that is more suitable for an open and externally driven system, like the solar corona. The resulting magnetic field equation is more general than force-free. Its solution can ...

If you search a sequence database for homologs of a structural RNA, you don’t want to search just for linear sequence similarity; you alsowant the search program to consider whether a candidate sequence can be folded into a similar base-paired secondary structure. A powerful and general class of computational methods for combining primary sequence and secondary structure information in RNA homo...

Mindfulness intervention is a psychotherapy based on the Buddhist practice of meditation, combining the theories and methodology of contemporary psychology. The empirical research in recent years has indicated that mindfulness intervention yields favorable results including reduction of depression relapse, alleviation of the symptoms of depression and anxiety, reduction of substance abuse, reli...

Based on the sequentiality principle, this review proposes a practical method that allows the systematization of the anatomic diagnosis of congenital heart disease. We emphasize the need to use sequential connection between the different cardiac segments: atria, ventricles and great arteries. Five ordered steps are defined, which include determination of atrial situs and of the connection featu...

In this paper, the optimal control of transmission dynamics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), formulated by a compartmental deterministic SEIPR (Susceptible-Incubation (Exposed)- Infected - Post infection virus shedding - Recovered) model with vaccination and treatment as control parameters is considered. The objective function is based on the combination of minimizing the number of infec...