Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial disease. Activated keratinocytes release proinflammatory cytokines that induce Th2 lymphocytes to produce key AD inflammatory microenvironment. The endocannabinoid system (ECS), including cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands and the metabolic enzymes of these ligands, has recently been implicated in regulation various skin process, prolifera...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly common condition which is associated with certain features of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor (PPAR)δ is an important regulator of energy metabolism and insulin resistance in diabetes. However, the function of PPARδ in NAFLD has not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, ...

In the present study, we evaluated how a pharmacologically induced phenotype shift in dystrophic skeletal muscle would affect subsequent intracellular signaling in response to a complementary, adaptive physiological stimulus. mdx mice were treated with the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR; 500 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) for 30 days...

Estrogen deficiency promotes bone loss and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have 3 subtypes (α, δ, and γ). PPARγ agonists induce bone loss, whereas PPARα agonists increase bone mass. Although PPARδ agonists are known to influence skeletal muscle metabolism, the skeletal effects are unsettled. This study investigated the musculoskeletal effects of ...

RATIONALE Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) by thiazolidinediones lowers blood pressure, whereas PPARγ mutations cause hypertension. Previous studies suggest these effects may be mediated through the vasculature, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To identify PPARγ mechanisms and transcriptional targets in vascular smooth muscle and their ...

The combined activation of the cellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) has been demonstrated to improve endurance and muscle function by mimicking the effects of exercise training. However, their combined pharmacological activation with exercise training has not been explored. Balb/c...

Diabetic mellitus (DM) patients are at an increased risk of developing peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Danhong injection (DHI) is a Chinese patent medicine widely used for several cardiovascular indications but the mechanism of action is not well-understood. We investigated the therapeutic potential of DHI on experimental PAD in mice with chemically induced as well as genetic (KKAy) type 2 D...