The regulation of government information publicity has been implemented for more than seven years, the effect is not good. The administrative accountability system has failed to play its proper oversight role. Currently, this system has the difficulties of ineffective work of government information publicity, the poor effect of the external accountability and limited cases caused by the governm...

Together with the United States and Canada, Switzerland is one of the three classical federations. Its institutional structure consists of three levels of government: the federation, 26 cantons and about 2500 communes. The cantons as well as the communes are characterised by a full political organisation with the separation of powers, by a constitutionally guaranteed political autonomy and by t...

New strategies based on the idea of decentralized or participatory development have gained increasing currency among international organizations and bilateral aid institutions. Optimism about their chances of success arises from the belief that rural communities can be an effective channel of development if genuine delegation of powers and responsibilities takes place on a sufficient scale. How...

Neuroscience represents a dynamic area of biomedical research where neuroethical responsibilities for researchers are emerging. This paper is the companion piece to the French-language one also published in this issue of the Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. It serves as a review of recent advances in neuroethics through the lens of three cases: (1) incidental finding of anomalies in n...

Triggered by an encounter with survivors of the studies on twins conducted in Auschwitz by Joseph Mengele, who held both MD and PhD degrees, I offer thoughts on the extraordinary powers physician-scientists have to enhance or degrade human dignity. Biomedical science lacks intrinsic morality, but attains moral status by virtue of its purpose and the ethical framework that controls its conduct, ...

assistive technologies have always opened new horizons in human’s life, posed solutions to problems and brought relief and prosperity for human beings. iranian judicial authorities have recently recognized the importance of medical technologies. accordingly, iranian legal system has recognized surrogacy and a surrogacy contract seems unavoidable for surrogacy to be legally valid, socially accep...

The struggle for power has been a persistent phenomenon throughout history, involving the rulers, general public, and various other interest groups. As one of these groups, the legal community has been in a unique position to regulate the relationship between the ruler and the public because of its dual responsibilities to provide services to the public and to impose constraints on the rulers. ...

Sec. 16.1 What this part does. 16.2 Definitions. 16.3 When these procedures become available. 16.4 Summary of procedures below. 16.5 How the Board operates. 16.6 Who represents the parties. 16.7 The first steps in the appeal process: The notice of appeal and the Board’s response. 16.8 The next step in the appeal process: Preparation of an appeal file and written argument. 16.9 How the Board wil...

What is the best arrangement of fiscal powers and responsibilities between the different levels of government? This is a question at the center of policy debate in countries around the world (Bird, 1993). It is not an issue restricted to big countries, as many believe. Though it is an important concern in China and the United States, it is also under study in Nicaragua and the Baltics. Nor is i...