For an indoor non-directed line of sight optical wireless communication (NLOS-OWC) system we investigate the optimized Lambertian order (OLO) of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). We firstly derive an expression for the OLO from a conventional Lambertian LED model. Then, we analyze the indoor multi-cell NLOS-OWC channel characteristics including the optical power distribution and the multipath time ...

Since the introduction of Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) know as an alternative aerial-based data acquisition tool, the requirement of the 3D model reconstruction in both urban and power-line scenes has dramatically increased. Especially, electric utilities including power-line and tower are crucial infrastructures that require considerable resources to be monitored and managed effectively. For ...

in this paper, the influence of the constituent volume fractions by changing the values of the power-law exponent with uniform pressure on the vibration frequencies of reinforced functionally graded cylindrical shells is studied. the fgm shell with ring is developed in accordance to the volume fraction law from two constituents namely stainless steel and nickel. these constituents are graded th...

Now the optimization strategies for power distribution are researched widely, and most of them are aiming to the optimal fuel economy and the driving cycle must be preknown. Thus if the actual driving condition deviates from the scheduled driving cycle, the effect of optimal results will be declined greatly. Therefore, the instantaneous optimization strategy carried out on-line is studied in th...

1. ABSTRACT: Data transmission through power lines has received increasing attention in recent years. In fact the electrical energy distribution system is a big back bone that can be use for data communication. The interest for this medium includes automatic reading of energy meter, management of electrical distribution system, automation of buildings, and high speed data rate connection within...