Poultry are exposed to a number of concurrent stressors during transportation. It is proposed that thermal challenges (both elevated thermal loads and cold stress) constitute the main threat to the birds’ welfare and survival. The effects of thermal stress may be exacerbated by extended withdrawal of food or water and by exposure to vibrations and accelerations. Existing pathologies and injurie...

Poultry nutritionists have based the feed requirements of broiler breeder hens on the principles designed for the feeding of commercial laying pullets because of the l ack of information specific to these birds. The practice of restricting the feed intake of broiler breeders during both the rearing and the laying periods differs from the that of feeding commercial pullets, and was introduced as...

The term Avitamin@ or Avitamine@ was first used in 1912. What later became known as vitamin deficiency diseasesCscurvy, beriberi, night blindness and xeropthalmiaChad plagued the world from antiquity. From 1900 through the 1930s, experiments with animals helped to advance knowledge of vitamins considerably. There are 15 vitamins of significance for livestock. A number of factors influence vitam...

numerous species of insects have been recorded from various types of manure in commercially reared birds from different parts of the world. this study was carried out to determine parasitic beetle populations in commercial rearing house litter from different regions of the west azerbaijan province in iran. atotal of 60 samples of litter were collected from june 2008 to november 2009 from 20 pou...

Marek's disease (MD) is a common lymphoproliferative disease of chickens, usually characterized by mononuclear cellular infiltration in different organs. The disease is caused by a herpes virus and is transmissible. MD has been a common, important problem for poultry industry worldwide, as well as, in our country, Iran. The aim of present study was to have an estimation of the incidence of M...

In Cambodia, influenza A(H5N1) virus surveillance at live poultry markets (LPMs) relies on virus isolation from poultry specimens; however, virus is rarely detected by this method. We tested 502 environmental LPM samples: 90 were positive by PCR, 10 by virus isolation. Virus circulation could be better monitored by environmental sampling of LPMs.

The rearing of poultry for meat production (broilers) is an agricultural food industry with high relevance to the economy and development of some countries. Periodic episodes of extreme climatic conditions during the summer season can cause high mortality among birds, resulting in economic losses. In this context, ventilation systems within poultry houses play a critical role to ensure appropri...

In this study, the effect of diet food (soybeans, egg yolk and chicken manure) on biomass weight and body composition (the amount of protein, fat, moisture and ash) Chironomid larvae were examined. For this purpose, 2.5 grams of food per Coconut considered in the period, with three replicates and Chironomid larvae during the period of 15 days in plastic pans were kept in nutrition. The results ...

Objective: In this study, the effect of diet food (soybeans, egg yolk and chicken manure) on biomass weight and body composition (the amount of protein, fat, moisture and ash) Chironomid larvae were examined. Methods: For this purpose, 2.5 grams of food per Coconut considered in the period, with three replicates and Chironomid larvae during the period of 15 days in plastic pans were kept in nut...

Ammonia (NH3) volatilization from poultry litter results in a buildup of atmospheric NH3 in chicken houses, which is detrimental to both farm laborers and birds. Ammonia loss from litter is detrimental to the external environment because it results in acid rain, as well as low N/P ratios in litter, which increase the likelihood of excessive P runoff into adjacent water bodies. The objectives of...