Overdistention and intratidal alveolar recruitment have been advocated as the main physical mechanisms responsible for ventilator-induced lung injury. Limiting tidal volume has a demonstrated survival benefit in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and is recognized as the cornerstone of protective ventilation. In contrast, the use of high positive end-expiratory pressure levels in...

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine ¦ Volume 21 ¦ Issue 9 ¦ September 2017 618 Some evidence suggests that lung‐protective mechanical ventilation (MV) with low‐tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) in addition to positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) could prevent PGD‐induced hypoxemia in the recipients of LT. Nevertheless, these suggestions require further validation in prospective clinical s...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine whether reducing the expiratory pressure during nasal positive airway pressure for reasons of comfort causes a substantial decrease in the upper airway calibre. METHODS Eight patients with obstructive sleep apnoea were studied. Continuous computed tomography (each run lasting 12 seconds) was used to measure minimum and maximum pharyngeal cross sectiona...