Two theorems related to gravitational time delay are proven. Both theorems apply to spacetimes satisfying the null energy condition and the null generic condition. The first theorem states that if the spacetime is null geodesically complete, then given any compact set K, there exists another compact set K ′ such that for any p, q 6∈ K , if there exists a “fastest null geodesic”, γ, between p an...

Saitou ( 1986) and Ruvolo and Smith ( 1986) have criticized the delta Q-test that I proposed (Templeton 1985) for testing the ability of DNA-DNA hybridization data to discriminate between two alternative phylogenies. The criticisms fall into two basic categories: (1) those concerning the statistical properties of the delta Q-test and (2) those claiming that DNA-DNA hybridization data are superi...

We consider successive measurements of position and momentum of a single particle. Let P be the conditional probability to measure the momentum k with accuracy ∆k, given a previously successful position measurement q with accuracy ∆q. Several upper bounds for the probability P are determined. For arbitrary, but given accuracies ∆q, ∆k, these bounds refer to the variation of q, k, the state vect...

We discuss two-sample global permutation tests for sets of multivariate ordinal data in possibly high-dimensional setups, motivated by the analysis of data collected by means of the World Health Organisation’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. The tests do not require any modelling of the multivariate dependence structure. Specifically, we consider testing for ...

background: endometriosis is one of the most commonly encountered benign problems in gynaecology. it is frequently associated with chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia and dyspareunia, which lead to infertility. we determined the possible association between cyp1a1 mspi and gstm1 null polymorphism in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. materials and methods: ninety seven cases of endo...

A new quantum deformation, which we call null-plane, of the (3+1) Poincaré algebra is obtained. The algebraic properties of the classical null-plane description are generalized to this quantum deformation. In particular, the classical isotopy subalgebra of the null-plane is deformed into a Hopf subalgebra, and deformed spin operators having classical commutation rules can be defined. Quantum Ha...

We consider the action of H = O(p, q) on the matrix space Mp+q,n(R). We study a certain orbit O of H in the null cone N ⊆ Mp+q,n(R) which supports an eigendistribution dνO for H . Using some identities of Capelli type developed in the Appendix, we determine the structure of G̃ = Sp(2n,R)∼-cyclic module generated by dνO under the oscillator representation of G̃ (the metaplectic cover of G = Sp(2n(...

The non-standard (Jordanian) quantum deformations of so(2, 2) and (2+1) Poincaré algebras are constructed by starting from a quantum sl(2, IR) basis such that simple factorized expressions for their corresponding universal R-matrices are obtained. As an application, the null-plane quantum (2+1) Poincaré Poisson-Lie group is quantized by following the FRT prescription. Matrix and differential re...

We also evaluated our hypotheses using two additional firm performance measures: Tobin’s Q, which is the total dollar amount market value divided by the total dollar amount replacement value of a firm in a given year) and operating revenue/total assets, which is the total dollar amount of revenue divided by total dollar amount of assets of a firm in a given year. We selected these measures beca...