We propose electron beam excitation assisted optical microscope, and demonstrated its resolution higher than 50 nm. In the microscope, a light source in a few nanometers size is excited by focused electron beam in a luminescent film. The microscope makes it possible to observe dynamic behavior of living biological specimens in various surroundings, such as air or liquids. Scan speed of the nano...

We demonstrate a technique for determining optical constants of materials in the extreme UV from the ratio of p-polarized to s-polarized reflectance. The measurements are based on laser-generated high-order harmonics, which have easily rotatable linear polarization but that are prone to brightness fluctuations and systematic drifts during measurement. Rather than measure the absolute reflectanc...

A combined scanning probe microscope has been developed that allows simultaneous operation as a non-contact/tapping mode atomic force microscope, a scattering near-field optical microscope, and a scanning tunnelling microscope on conductive samples. The instrument is based on a commercial optical microscope. It operates with etched tungsten tips and exploits a tuning fork detection system for t...

Various ferrierite zeolites were investigated as catalysts for the dimethyl ether (DME)-to-olefin (DTO) reactions to efficiently synthesize n-butene, such 1-butene, trans-2-butene, and cis-2-butene except iso-butene using a fixed-bed flow reactor. Twenty P-loaded with different structural parameters acidic properties prepared by impregnation method varying P content temperature of air calcinati...

Full optical fiber current sensor phase modulation is the use of magnetic field made the refraction different of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light, and the linearly polarized light can be decomposed into a left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light. The paper proposes research and design of reflective optical fiber current sensor based on improved phase modula...

Furan is a liver carcinogen and toxicant. Furan is oxidized to the reactive dialdehyde, cis-2-butene-1,4-dial, by microsomal enzymes. This reactive metabolite readily reacts with glutathione nonenzymatically to form conjugates. A high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical method for the detection of cis-2-butene-1,4-dial-glutathione (GSH) conjugates in microsomal preparations was de...

Furan is a toxic and carcinogenic compound used in industry and commonly found in the environment. The mechanism of furan's carcinogenesis is not well-understood and may involve both genotoxic and nongenotoxic pathways. Furan undergoes oxidation by cytochrome P450 to cis-2-butene-1,4-dial, which is thought to mediate furan's toxic effects. Consistently, cis-2-butene-1,4-dial readily reacts with...