urban management in any context has a different economic, social and political structure, which is in harmony with the existing models of organization. in spite of these differences, in order to reach a sustainable urban development, several different conferences should be referred to. in the “brundtland commission 1987” about urban sustainable development these definitions have been given: “pr...

Substantial differences exist in the cognitive styles of liberals and conservatives on psychological measures. Variability in political attitudes reflects genetic influences and their interaction with environmental factors. Recent work has shown a correlation between liberalism and conflict-related activity measured by event-related potentials originating in the anterior cingulate cortex. Here ...

after the iranian mashrooté revolution, the shiite political thought faced a new era of much attention, contemplation and explanation, when religious scholars embarked on a new research project to address the new situation. the most serious attempt to deal with the theoretical gap and crisis in islamic state was contributed by imam khomaini. in his theory of state, he conjoined the shiite princ...

This is an analysis of the spatial structure of political participation in the United States using spatial econometric techniques and newly available geo-coded data. The results provide strong evidence that political participation is geographically clustered, and that this clustering cannot be explained entirely by social network involvement, individual-level characteristics, such as race, inco...

Political and economic decentralization of governance structure and the promotion of self-goveming local adninistration have been considered as high priority public policy issues in the developing countries in recent years. Conventional literature on decentralization focuses only on the managerial and economic dimensions of the process. It generally ignores the analysis of political feasbility ...

Iran's Islamic revolution had so many effects on political, social, cultural and economic conditions of Shiites outside of Iran and caused a special formation of Muslims identity beliefs in the world, especially shia Muslims. Islamic revolution was a turning point in the Saudi Shia movement to get their spoiled rights by governance structure in Saudi Arabia and helped Shia movements to revive a...

Iran's Islamic revolution had so many effects on political, social, cultural and economic conditions of Shiites outside of Iran and caused a special formation of Muslims identity beliefs in the world, especially Shia Muslims. Islamic revolution was a turning point in the Saudi Shia movement to get their spoiled rights by governance structure in Saudi Arabia and helped Shia movements to revive a...

The historically prevailing view in the network literature has been that relationships within networks develop gradually and cumulatively over time, with power playing what might be termed a ‘concrete’ role in such a process, based primarily on identifiable resource dependencies. The concept of (Foucauldian) ‘system power’, beginning to emerge in the management and organisation literature, is n...