In general, the Constitutional Court has view that political parties have seats in DPR and/or members of already legislative space and do not legal standing to review laws. However, there are a number exceptions many cases where considered special position even though they also discussing passed This paper discusses jurisprudential pattern granting status DPR. Using case approach method collabo...

The rule of law entails government accountability, equal access to justice and the political process, efficient judicial and political systems, clear laws, generally stable laws, and the protection of fundamental human rights. This paper explores whether Islamic law conforms to these principles in theory and in practice. Three conclusions are reached. First, various early Islamic institutions w...

Key findings within basic field research in Bahrain for the actual application and exercising of gender equality citizenship are presented this paper. The pre-existing inequality civil family laws corresponding Bahraini Dual legal system is also discussed. This article discusses significant issues which based on Sunni-Shi’ite division has a direct effect implementing reforms existing discrimina...

There is a long liberal political tradition of marshalling arguments aimed at convincing Christians that distinctively Christian reasons for issuing coercive laws are not sufficient to justify those laws. In the first part of this paper I argue that the two most popular of these arguments, attributable to Locke, will not reliably convince committed biblical Christians, nor, probably, should the...

In this paper, discrete-time switched linear systems affected by both parameter variations and exterior disturbances are considered. The problem of synthesis of switching control laws, which assure that the system state is ultimately bounded within a given compact set containing the origin with an assigned rate of convergence, is investigated. The method is based on set-induced Lyapunov functio...

— This paper shows why corruption is especially difficult to detect under China’s system of decentralized authoritarian rule, which I call a “rule of mandates.” Local officials must pursue high priority political targets but have immense discretion over which laws to implement. A relative standard for corruption consequently arises since non-implementation of laws may be mandate-serving or may ...

The Internet and social media have played a significant role in contemporarypolitical sphere of Indonesia. In particular, they have been widely usedfor political activism and discussion; but whether the discussions areconstructive is another issue. Constructive political discussion requiresseveral preconditions; one of the most important requirements is rationalreasoning. Citizens must be equip...

We assume that space-time at the Planck scale is discrete, quantised in Planck units and "qubitsed" (each pixel of Planck area encodes one qubit), that is, quantum spacetime can be viewed as a quantum computer. Within this model, one finds that quantum space-time itself is entangled, and can quantum-evaluate Boolean functions which are the laws of Physics in their discrete and fundamental form.

Consider the Cauchy problem for a hyperbolic n × n system of conservation laws in one space dimension: ut + f(u)x = 0, u(0, x) = ū(x). (CP ) Relying on the existence of a continuous semigroup of solutions, we prove that the entropy admissible solution of (CP) is unique within the class of functions u = u(t, x) which have bounded variation along a suitable family of space-like curves.