Do political tensions harm economic relations? Theories claim that trade prevents war and political relations motivate trade, but less is known about whether smaller shifts in political relations impact economic exchange. Looking at two major economies, we show that negative events have not hurt U.S. or Japanese trade or investment flows. We then examine specific incidents of tensions in U.S.-F...

This paper presents a model tha t measures the impact of political risk on portfolio investment when the political risks are multivariate and correlated across countries. The multivariate approach generalizes the single country model but retains most of its characteristics in terms of its ability to price political risk based on the stochastic process of exposure to loss and the expected freque...

youssef ismael – iraqi great artist – is one of the nobles in playwriting either in writing or in criticism. al – aani has enjoyed beresht’s theories and ideas while his idea were based on political requirements which was dominant in that era; he wanted to choose a frame for playwriting which considered all types of people of the society. the present article which is analytical – descriptive, s...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the rhetoric and reality of the impact of political blogs in the specific context of American politics, where online, mainstream media and academic accounts suggest blogs have had significant impacts on political communication. Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper examines three high profile events in which blogging has been implicated as part...

the present research with an emphasis on coffee houses at qajar age has recognized motives and effect of social and political factors such as conditional event in formation of art traditions in coffee house so as to examine the communication function of coffee house painting at this space. coffee house at qajar age has been found as a place for people’s gathering which had communicative-cultura...

This paper examines the impact that political forces have on the flow of negative financial information into stock prices. Using a unique sample of listed Chinese firms ultimately controlled by local and/or provincial government entities, we test the proposition that the incentives of politicians and the local government shape financial reporting practices, especially with respect to the releas...

this study tries to show how gender as a discourse construction has been formed since decades before the islamic revolution in imam khomeini’s words differently from then language system capacity, power and residence relations embodied in the traditional discourses, pre-revolution modernization period, in a context of political and social events and how it has stabilized or transformed the cust...

During debates and interviews, political leaders often have to defend themselves from adversaries and journalists questioning their performance. To fight against these threats, politicians resort to various defensive strategies, either direct or indirect, to draw attention away from their responsibilities or shed a more positive light upon their work. Counterfactual defences (i.e., comparing pa...

the revolution of 1919 and its positive and negative results reflex on the story’s form and subject. in this period, people were interested to draw events and reflect political and social events of society in their works. they want no more to see their desired world in phantom and dream, because their information to problems of society had increased and they had acquired sufficient statement ab...