We study the properties of gluons in QCD in the maximally abelian (MA) gauge. In the MA gauge, the off-diagonal gluon behaves as the massive vector boson with the mass Moff ' 1.2 GeV, and therefore the off-diagonal gluon cannot carry the long-range interaction for r M−1 off ' 0.2 fm. The essence of the infrared abelian dominance in the MA gauge is physically explained with the generation of the...

BACKGROUND The effect of low-dose gamma irradiation on healing of soft tissue allografts remains largely unknown. HYPOTHESIS The authors hypothesized that soft tissue allograft healing to bone would be delayed compared with that of autograft tissue and that low-dose (1.2 Mrad) gamma irradiation would not affect the healing response of allograft tissue after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) re...

background: in vivo dosimetry is a method for estimation of overall error in the delivered dose to the patients at the end of radiotherapy process. in this research, two methods for target dose calculation were evaluated on midline and central axis of photon beams in in vivo dosimetry of thorax fields. materials and methods: entrance and exit doses for anterior and lateral fields of thorax were...

objective: acute inflammatory demyelinating peripheral neuropathy (guillain-barre-syndrome) is by far the most common cause of immune-medicated peripheral nervous system disease in children; with the near disappearance of poliomyelitis, gbs is responsible for the great majority of cases of acute flaccid paralysis. so far, in several controlled studies, corticosteroids, plasmapheresis and ivig h...

in this paper, according to high load capacity and rather large workspace characteristics of cable driven robots (cdrs), maximum dynamic load carrying capacity (dlcc) between two given end points in the workspace along with optimal trajectory is obtained. in order to find dlcc of cdrs, joint actuator torque and workspace of the robot constraints concerning to non-negative tension in cables are ...

objective: radiochromic ebt3 film is a later generation of radiochromic films. the aim of this study is to compare ebt and ebt3 radiochromic films in radiotherapy fields of breast cancer. methods: a rando phantom was irradiated by a 6 mv siemens primus linac with medial and lateral fields of radiotherapy of breast cancer. dosimetry was performed in various points in the fields using ebt and ebt...

In almost all current Phase I designs, toxicity response is treated coarsely as a binary indicator of dose limiting toxicity (DLT) and a lot of useful toxicity information is discarded. We are the first to establish a novel toxicity scoring system to treat toxicity response as a quasi-continuous variable and utilize all toxicities in Phase I trial. The generally accepted and objective parts, su...