The authors describe a case of pneumocephalus following epidural anaesthesia for total knee arthroplasty. Multiple attempts in locating the epidural space for the anaesthesia and the use of loss of resistance to air (LORA) technique were identified as the source of air entry. Supportive management was given including high flow oxygenation therapy and spontaneous reabsorption of air was noted fi...

Tension pneumocephalus results from intracranial air under pressure as a rare complication after head injury or craniofacial surgery. A 58-year-old man underwent ethmoid sinus surgery and subsequently developed rapidly progressive global headache, restlessness, diplegia with sensory loss, and deterioration of the conscious level. A head CT demonstrated extensive pneumocephalus with gross compre...

6. Steudel W, Hacker H. Acute intracranial pneumocephalus: prognosis anil management a retrospective analysis of 101 cases. Neurosurg Rev 1989; 12(Suppl 1):125-136. A 3 3 y e a r o l d n o n d i a b e t i c , nonmotensive female presented with sudden onset, diffuse and deep boring headache and vomiting for 15 days. She also had complaints of watering from nose which was present in all postures....

The presence of gas in the cranial cavity is called “pneumocephalus”, and usually seen after invasive surgical procedures. Although symptoms are non-specific, such as headache, it can cause neurological distortion, coma, death. Oxygen therapy most effective way to treat pneumocephalus accelerates reabsorption air. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT), with its direct high pressure effect, causes ...

We report an unusual case where a two-month infant developed a simultaneous and spontaneous pneumocephalus and gross pneumoperitoneum along with progressive surgical emphysema after VP shunt procedure.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is rarely reported as the first presenting feature of giant invasive macroprolactinomas. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea is usually reported as a complication of trauma, neurosurgical, and skull-based procedures (such as pituitary surgery or radiations), and less frequently after medical treatment with dopamine agonists (DAs) for macroprolactinomas. This phen...

Pneumocephalus following Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is an exceptionally rare entity. We report such event after an attempt of ventricular puncture (ventriculostomy) for VP shunt and then discuss the management of the same. The dry tap can lead to multiple attempts for ventriculostomy with added risk of complications. It can add dilemma as to what the subsequent management would be.There is...

A 38-year-old man with pneumococcal meningitis, pneumocephalus, and CSF rhinorrhea was admitted to our hospital. The CSF rhinorrhea had no traumatic or iatrogenic etiology. The patient was treated with meropenem and recovered from meningitis. Axial plain CT showed pneumocephalus (figure 1, A and B), but no skull defects. Three-dimensional CT revealed defects of the posterior walls of the spheno...