PURPOSE To investigate whether intravitreally injected peanut agglutinin (PNA) conjugated with a fluorochrome can specifically label retinal cones in vivo and to evaluate its clinical potential. METHODS Fluorescein- or rhodamine-conjugated PNA (0.005%-0.5%) was intravitreally injected into anesthetized mouse, guinea pig, or monkey and retinas were removed at various intervals for fluorescence...

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) seed lectin, PNA is widely used to identify tumor specific antigen (T-antigen), Galb1-3GalNAc on the eukaryotic cell surface. The functional amino acid coding region of a cDNA clone, pBSH-PN was PCR amplified and cloned downstream of the polyhedrin promoter in the Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcNPV) based transfer vector pVL1393. Co-transfection of Spod...

Polymerization of electronically, essentially neutral peptide nucleic acids (PNA) into polyacrylamide gels creates a medium in which the salt-independent properties of PNA/DNA interactions are used to achieve hybridization with target DNA during affinity electrophoresis. Such physical entrapment of PNA has been used to differentiate between a retarded, complementary DNA strand and a non-retarde...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of antisense-mediated gene silencing by peptide nucleic acid (PNA) for specific inactivation of the CmeABC multidrug efflux transporter in Campylobacter jejuni. METHODS PNA was designed to bind to the cmeA transcript and to inhibit the translation of CmeA, the periplasmic component of the RND-type CmeABC efflux t...

We present the results of molecular dynamics simulations of small peptide nucleic acid (PNA) molecules, synthetic analogs of DNA, at a lipid bilayer in water. At neutral pH, without any salt, and in the NP(n)gammaT ensemble, two similar PNA molecules (6-mers) with the same nucleic base sequence and different terminal groups are investigated at the interface between water and a 1-palmitoyl-2-ole...

Second-harmonic generation microscopy (SHGM) has been employed to study crystals of zeolite-like material SAPO-5 filled with p-nitroaniline (PNA). The SHG and 2-photon fluorescence response of PNA in the one-dimensional channels readily reveals the pore accessibility; intergrown crystallites containing hexagonal pyramidal components and internal diffusion barriers are found next to seemingly pe...

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a DNA mimic consisting of the four common bases of DNA on a pseudopeptide backbone that makes it extremely stable in biological fluids. Antisense PNA is targeted against mRNA in cytoplasm in a sequence specific manner. However, the main hindrance to the effective use of PNAs has been their relatively poor uptake by cells. Endosomal release or direct uptake into cyt...

This investigation performs diagnostic analyses on NCEP/NCAR re-analysis data, and also does forced, nonlinear, barotropic model calculations to examine the dynamical mechanisms associated with the growth and decay of the PaciŽ c/North American teleconnection pattern (PNA). The diagnostic calculations include projection and composite analyses of each term in the stream-function-tendency equatio...

Prenatal androgenization (PNA) of female mice with dihydrotestosterone programs reproductive dysfunction in adulthood, characterized by elevated luteinizing hormone levels, irregular estrous cycles, and central abnormalities. Here, we evaluated activity of GnRH neurons from PNA mice and the effects of in vivo treatment with metformin, an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) that is ...

The SNAP protein is a widely used self-labeling tag that can be used for tracking protein localization and trafficking in living systems. A model system providing controlled alignment of SNAP-tag units can provide a new way to study clustering of fusion proteins. In this work, fluorescent SNAP-PNA conjugates were controllably assembled on DNA frameworks, forming dimers, trimers, and tetramers. ...