This study was carried out to investigate the effect of replacing fish meal protein with fermented soybean meal (FSM) in diets on growth performance, feed utilization, morphological parameters, body composition, activities of antioxidant and digestive enzymes and also blood biochemistry of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Five isonitrogenic and isolipidic diets were prepare...

Laser-produced plasma ~LPP! devices are being developed as a light source for the extreme ultraviolet ~EUV! lithography applications. One concern of such devices is to increase the conversion efficiency of laser energy to EUV light. A new idea based on the initiation and confinement of cumulative plasma jet inside a hollow laser beam is developed and simulated. The integrated computer model ~HE...

Hydrogenated amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon, deposited by catalytic chemical vapour deposition, have been doped during deposition by the addition of diborane and phosphine in the feed gas, with concentrations in the range of 1%. The crystalline fraction, dopant concentration and electrical properties of the films are studied. The nanocrystalline films exhibited a high doping efficiency, ...

We investigate the interaction of magnetohydrody-namic waves with plasma density inhomogeneities. Our numerical study of the full MHD equations shows that: (A) Plasma density inhomogeneities are a source of non-linear generation of transverse com-pressive waves by a plane Alfvén wave, and substantially enhance (by about a factor of 2) the generation of the longitudinal compressive waves. (B) At...

Helicon waves in a plasma confined by a cylinder are treated. The undamped normal modes of the helicon (H) and Trivelpiece–Gould ~TG! waves have distinctly different wave patterns at high magnetic fields but at low fields have similar patterns and therefore interact strongly. Damping of these modes, their excitation by antennas, and the rf plasma absorption efficiency are considered. Nonuniform...

Using phytobiotics as fish feed additives has interestingly increased during the recent decade. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of individual and combined levels of thyme and vitamin E in common carp. Juveniles were separately fed four distinct diets including a control diet (commercial diet without any additive), a diet supplemented with 1% ground Shirazi thyme, diet su...

Abstract Plasma produced from molten-tin microdroplets generates extreme ultraviolet light for state-of-the-art nanolithography. Currently, CO 2 lasers are used to drive the plasma. In future, solid-state mid-infrared may instead be efficiently pump Such laser systems have promise more compact, better scalable, and higher wall-plug efficiency. this Topical Review, we present recent findings mad...

Two electrical techniques that are frequently used to characterize radio frequency plasmas are described: current–voltage probes for plasma power input and compensated Langmuir probes for electron energy probability functions and other parameters. The following examples of the use of these techniques, sometimes in conjunction with other diagnostic methods, are presented: plasma source standardi...