this research has been done with the aim of explaining environmental and managerial factors that affects on rangeland vegetation distribution in saral rangelands of kurdistan province. after selecting plant types as working area were done sampling from plant types and determined some of plants parameters such as kind and number of plants and cover percentage. various environmental factors such ...

soil salinity poses considerable and increasing problems for agriculture, and is receiving much attention from plant breeders. the identification of genes whose expression enables plants to adapt to and/or tolerate salt stress is essential for breeding programs, but little is known about the genetic mechanisms of traits in saline conditions. the data obtained from 75 families produced by crossi...

The relative frequencies of functional traits of plant species show notable spatial variation, which is often related to environmental factors. Pollination type (insect-, wind- or self-pollination) is a critical trait for plant reproduction and provision of ecosystem services. Here, we mapped the distribution of pollination types across Germany by combining databases on plant distribution and p...

Characterization and extraction of plant secondary metabolites are important in agriculture, pharmaceutical, and food industry. In this regard, the applied analytical methods are mostly costly and time-consuming; therefore, choosing a suitable approach is essential for optimum results and economic suitability. One of the recently considered methods used to characterize new types of materials is...

The molecular responses of a plant to a stress and the molecular profiles of plant organs during their development and differentiation are the reflection of the contribution from different cell types composing the plant and the organs. Hence, a major limitation to understanding plant cellular and molecular responses in different cells is the multicellular complexity of the plant or organs used ...

The composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities in roots of rare Viola elatior and common V. mirabilis was investigated using PCR with primers specific for Glomus group A, followed by single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis. Twelve AM fungal sequence types were identified, ten of them from both plant species. On average 3.8/7.5 sequence types were detected per 1 cm-...

This review article investigates a comprehensive description of the factors, methods, strategies, approaches and prerequisites influencing in vitro micropaopagation and the amount of their use across the world. The findings presented here are the results of the study of several hundred papers published all over the world. Tissue culture techniques are routinely used for micropropagation. Enhanc...

We critically reassess a conceptual model here, dealing with the potential effect of plant diversity on climate– vegetation feedback, and we provide an improved version adjusted to plant types that prevailed during the African Humid Period (AHP). Our work contributes to the understanding of the timing and abruptness of vegetation decline at the end of the AHP, investigated by various working gr...