During pauses in exploration, ensembles of place cells in the rat hippocampus re-express firing sequences corresponding to recent spatial experience. Such "replay" co-occurs with ripple events: short-lasting (approximately 50-120 ms), high-frequency (approximately 200 Hz) oscillations that are associated with increased hippocampal-cortical communication. In previous studies, rats exploring smal...

introduction: the aim of this study was evaluate the ability of notochord to induce neural induction and/or differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell to neuron and motor neuron, respectively. methods: in order to produce embryoid bodies, es cells line royan b1 were grown in suspension in the absence of lif for 4 days. ebs were divided into 4 groups. ebs in group 1 & 2 were further cultured i...

Circuit-level implementation of a novel neuron has been discussed in this article. A low-power Activation Function (AF) circuit is introduced in this paper, which is then combined with a highly linear synapse circuit to form the neuron architecture. Designed in Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistor (CNTFET) technology, the proposed structure consumes low power, which makes it suitable for the...

Spatial firing fields (place fields) of rat hippocampal cells undergo changes when the rat runs stereotyped routes. Previously, Mehta et al. [Experience-dependent asymmetric shape of hippocampal receptive fields, Neuron 25 (2000) 700–715] indicated that spike timingdependent plasticity (STDP) might explain the observed shift of the place field center of mass and the development of skewness. In ...

Recordings of rat hippocampal place cells have provided information about how the hippocampus retrieves memory sequences. One line of evidence has to do with phase precession, a process organized by theta and gamma oscillations. This precession can be interpreted as the cued prediction of the sequence of upcoming positions. In support of this interpretation, experiments in two-dimensional envir...

today, concepts such as place attachment, sense of place, meaning of place, place identity, has devoted many studies in literature of architecture and urban design particularly in the field of environmental psychology. it is obvious that in all these concepts, various aspects of interaction between human and place and the impact that places have on people has been presented. this paper defines ...

The hippocampus is essential for spatial navigation, which may involve sequential learning. However, how the hippocampus encodes new sequences in familiar environments is unknown. To study the impact of novel spatial sequences on the activity of hippocampal neurons, we monitored hippocampal ensembles while rats learned to switch from two familiar trajectories to a new one in a familiar environm...