The aim of present study was to enhance topical permeation of clotrimazole gel preparation by using various permeability enhancers such as coconut oil, pistachio oil and sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). Clotrimazole gel preparations were prepared and optimized by using three factor, five level central composite design. A second-order polynomial equation was generated in order to estimate the effec...

We studied relationships between diurnal patterns of stem water potential (PsiSTEM) and stem extension growth of the same scion cultivar growing on three rootstocks with differing size-controlling potentials. The peach trees (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) used in this field experiment consisted of an early-maturing freestone cultivar, 'Flavorcrest,' grafted onto three different rootstocks: Nemagu...

Professor Hume was right: rootstocks are critical and much is still to be learned. Rootstocks and scions are the foundation of many tree fruit industries of the world. Together, those components establish profitability, but it can be argued that the rootstock is the critical component; otherwise, scions would be grown on their own roots everywhere. There is no precedent for the failure of a cit...

Due to low consumer acceptance and possibility of having immature kernels, closed-shell pistachio nuts have to be separated from open-shell pistachio nuts. The feasibility of a system using non-contact impact acoustics as a means for classifying closed-shell nuts from open-shell nuts has already been shown with better discrimination performance than a mechanical system. The accuracy of an impac...

In this study, the treatment of pistachio nuts by Bacillus subtilis UTBSP1, a promising isolate to degrade aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), caused to reduce the growth of Aspergillus flavus R5 and AFB1 content on pistachio nuts. Fluorescence probes revealed that the cell free supernatant fluid from UTBSP1 affects spore viability considerably. Using high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, 10 ...

The effects of different water stress (control, medium, and severe) on some morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and bud success of M9 apple and MA quince rootstocks were determined. The results showed that water stress significantly affected most morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics as well as budding success on the both rootstocks. The increas...

To develop apple proliferation (AP) resistant rootstocks, a breeding program was initiated in 2001 employing apomictic Malus sieboldii and M. sieboldii-derived hybrids as donors of the resistance trait and mainly standard apple rootstock Malus x domestica cv. M9 as donor of agronomic values. Examination of the experimentally inoculated progeny of seven crossings made in 2001 and 2002 over a per...

All commercial sweet cherry trees are either budded or grafted. The part of the tree above the graft/bud union is known as the scion and the part below the graft/bud union is known as the rootstock. Sweet cherry scion cultivars have been selected over millennia for many reasons, but over the past century, breeding programs have concentrated mainly on achieving improved characteristics such as y...

HIGHLIGHTS Adulteration of pistachio products with green pea is common due to price issues. We identified the presence down 0.1% developed protocol. HRM fast and precise for testing authenticity powdered pistachio.