The pistachio (Pistacia.vera) belongs to the Anacardiaceae family. Plants of this family are trees or shrubs (broadleaf) and in total comprising 75 genera and 600 species. This species is found in arid and semi-arid regions, located in the northeast of Iran. Many algorithms have been investigated for tree delineation and identification, in order to assist human operators in the information expl...

Aflatoxins, carcinogenic toxins produced by Aspergillus fungi, contaminate maize, peanuts, and tree nuts in many regions of the world. Pistachios are the main source of human dietary aflatoxins from tree nuts worldwide. Over 120 countries have regulations for maximum allowable aflatoxin levels in food commodities. We developed social network models to analyze the association between nations' af...

OBJECTIVES Stillbirth is an undesirable outcome of pregnancy. In light of the increasing use of pesticides and growing concerns about the possible health effects of agricultural pesticides, we investigated the effect of exposure to pistachio pesticides on stillbirth in pregnant mothers. METHODS This case-control study was conducted in Rafsanjan, Iran from 2011 to 2012. A total of 125 females ...

ORIGIN AND HISTORY The pistachio is native to western Asia and Asia Minor, where it is still found growing wild in numerous hot, dry locations in Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Iran, Iraq, India, Southern Europe and the desert countries of Asia and Africa. It was introduced to Europe at the beginning of the Christian era. The first pistachio introductions to the United States were by the USDA plant...

The prediction of product acceptability is often an additive effect of individual fuzzy impressions developed by a consumer on certain underlying attributes characteristic of the product. In this paper, we present the development of a data-driven fuzzy-rule-based approach for predicting the overall sensory acceptability of pistachio green hull’s marmalade. The model was formulated using the Tak...

Fungal-contaminated tissues are known to produce volatile profiles that are different from uncontaminated tissues. Fungi require certain water activity levels before growth can occur. For nonxerophilic fungi, a water activity of 0.85 is typical for growth, and for extreme xerophilic fungi, the water activity can be as low as 0.64. Recent investigations with stored pistachios (kernels in shell, ...

In creating sustainable food systems, alternative uses of waste and by-products as a source phenolic compounds or dietary fiber in formulations should be evaluated to reduce losses waste. this study, wheat bread was fortified with agro-industrial by-products, namely, fresh pistachio hull (FPH), powder (PHP), grape seeds (FGS), seed (GSP), at different levels (0.5–4%). The effects enrichment on ...

Nuts are among the crops that can be contaminated by aflatoxins (AFs), mycotoxins mainly produced by A. flavus and A. parasiticus. These fungi are well adapted to tropical and sub-tropical areas and tend to contaminate damaged or stressed crops. Both peanuts and pistachio nuts are well protected by their shells during the growing season, but damage caused by parasites, or early split in pistach...

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