introduction: interaction between drugs represents a major clinical concern for health care professionals and their patients. patients affected by both type 2 diabetes and epilepsy may be prescribed pioglitazone and an anti-epileptic drug such as phenytoin  concurrently. the aim of this study was to consider the interaction of pioglitazone with phenytoin in an experimental model. according to t...

The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2C8 appears to have a major role in pioglitazone metabolism. The present study was conducted to further clarify the role of individual CYPs and of the CYP2C8/9 polymorphisms in the primary metabolism of pioglitazone in vitro. Pioglitazone (2-400 microM) was incubated with isolated cytochrome P450 enzymes or human liver microsomes, some of them carrying either the C...

To evaluate preventive effects of pioglitazone on pancreatic beta-cell damage in C57BL/KsJ db/db mice, an obese diabetic animal model, the pancreatic islets were compared morphologically between pioglitazone-treated (100 mg/kg daily po) and untreated db/db mice (n = 7 for each) after a 12-wk intervention (6-18 wk of age). The fasting blood glucose level was significantly improved by the treatme...

Our objective was to determine if the insulin-sensitizing drug pioglitazone acutely reduces insulin secretion and causes metabolic deceleration in vivo independently of change in insulin sensitivity. We assessed glucose homeostasis by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic and hyperglycemic clamp studies and energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry and biotelemetry in male Wistar and obese hyperinsuline...

OBJECTIVE Inflammatory monocytes/macrophages produce various proteinases, including matrix metalloproteinases, and degradation of the extracellular matrix by these activated proteinases weakens the mechanical strength of atherosclerotic plaques, which results in a rupture of the plaque. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ induces a polarity shift of monocytes/macrophages toward less in...

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a progressive disorder that often requires combination therapy. AIM This study aimed to compare and study of add-on sitagliptin versus pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin. METHODS This 12-week, randomised, open-label and single centre study compared sitagliptin (100 mg daily, n = 80) and pioglitazone (30 mg dai...

The prevalence and incidence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are higher in people treated for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) infection than in the general population. Identifying safe and effective interventions is a high priority. We evaluated whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist pioglitazone with exercise training improves central and ...

BACKGROUND Despite its insulin sensitizing effects, pioglitazone may induce weight gain leading to an increased risk of development of insulin resistance. A novel sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, canagliflozin, provides not only glycemic control but also body weight reduction through an insulin-independent mechanism. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect...

Pioglitazone may have potential benefits as an alternative therapeutic treatment for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), particularly in individuals that also have comorbid diabetes; however, the mechanisms of action remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the effects of pioglitazone on amyloid β, isoform 42 (Aβ42) deposition in rats with diet‑induced insulin resistance (IR). Die...

Katsiki and Mikhailidis (1) raise the possibility that reduced uric acid may have been a mechanism of the cardiovascular benefits of pioglitazone in the Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke (IRIS) trial. Unfortunately, we did not measure urate levels during the trial, so the question cannot be answered. One small trial suggestedmodest reductions in hyperuricemia from pioglitazone, on th...