The development of the effector pattern of the unconditioned and instrumental conditioned audio-visual targeting reflex was studied. EOG and EMG electrodes were implanted to analyze the movements of the pinna, eye and head, when the animals localized a sound source placed in different positions in space. When the acoustic stimulus was repeated, the unconditioned targeting reflex was characteriz...

Bats, which echolocate using broadband calls, are believed to employ the passive acoustic filtering properties of the head and pinnae to provide spectral cues which encode 3-D target angle. Microchiropteran species whose calls consist of a single, constant frequency harmonic (i.e., some species in the families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae) may create additional acoustic localization cues vi...

AIM To ascertain a definitive treatment modality for a frequently recurring condition, pseudocyst of pinna in the form of deroofing and compression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients were diagnosed with pseudocyst of pinna from July 2011 to March 2013. All 30 patients underwent surgical deroofing of the pseudocyst along with compression by buttoning. The patients were followed up for a pe...

The effect of uni- and bilateral denervation of muscles of the pinna on the audio-visual targeting reflex reinforced by food was studied. In comparison with the normal group the unilaterally denervated animals showed a decreased capacity to localize sound sources placed behind the animal ipsi- and contralaterally to the operated side. The denervation of the second ear in these animals induced a...

1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India. 2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, R G Kar Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India. Corresponding author: Mainak Dutta – Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Medical College and Hospital, 88, College Street – Zip Code: 700073 – Kolkata...

Introduction: Lupus vulgaris is the most common form of cutaneous tuberculosis caused by contiguous spread from an underlying infective focus or lymphatic or hematogenous spread. It can also develop at the site of direct inoculation (e.g., tattooing and ear piercing) or Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination. The solitary involvement of the pinna is rare and may face clinicians with a diagn...

Introduction: Auricular seroma is a benign condition of the pinna usually following blunt trauma. This condition which presents with a simple swelling of the pinna is occasionally associated with pain and may result in permanent disfigurement of the pinna owing to delay in diagnosis or mismanagement. Various techniques have been proposed and practiced over the years to treat this uncompli...