Background and Objectives: Flavonoids have been reported to possess neuroprotective effects. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of morin, a flavonoid, on learning and memory of Swiss albino young and aged male mice. Methodology: Morin (10, 20 and 40 mg kgG1, p.o.) and physostigmine salicylate (0.1 mg kgG1, i.p.) were administered for 15 successive days to separate groups of y...

Four medical therapies previously shown to exert varying degrees of protection against a convulsant dose of soman were assessed for potential behavioral side effects in a novelty test. In Experiment 1, HI-6 (1-[([4-(aminocarbonyl)pyridino] methoxy)methyl]-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]pyridinium) (125 mg/kg), scopolamine (1 mg/kg), physostigmine (0.1 mg/kg), levetiracetam (50 mg/kg), and procyclidine...

Exogenous stress like tissue damage and pathogen invasion during surgical trauma could lead to a peripheral inflammatory response and induce neuroinflammation, which can result in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is a neurohumoral mechanism that plays a prominent role by suppressing the inflammatory response. Treatments with acetylcholinester...

black henbane (bh) or hyoscyamus niger, has been used as a medicine since last centuries and has been described in all traditional medicines. it applies as a herbal medicine, but may induce intoxication accidentally or intentionally. all part of bh including leaves, seeds and roots contain some alkaloids such as hyoscyamine, atropine, tropane and scopolamine. bh has pharmacological effects like...

The mechanism of enzyme-inhibitor-substrate reactions has been analyzed from a theoretical standpoint and illustrated by data from the system cholinesterase-physostigmine-acetylcholine. This treatment is by no means limited to a single system but should be generally applicable to others of similar type. Competitive enzyme-inhibitor-substrate systems show the same characteristic "zones of behavi...

BACKGROUND Severe sepsis and septic shock remain a major challenge, even in modern intensive care. In Germany, about 68,000 patients die annually because of septic diseases, characterized by a complex systemic inflammatory response. Causal treatment of the underlying infection is essential for successful management of sepsis, but the course can be positively influenced by supportive and adjuvan...

We explored whether cerebral cortical impact injury (CCI) effects extend beyond direct lesion sites to affect remote brain networks, and whether acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition elicits discrete changes in functional activation of motor circuits following CCI. Adult male rats underwent unilateral motor-sensory CCI or sham injury. Physostigmine (AChE inhibitor) or saline were administered ...

Rats received a single training trial on an inhibitory avoidance (passive avoidance) task and retention trials 24 hr (R-I) and 48 hr (R-II) later, in a special two-chambered apparatus, and the mean step-through latency was determined. The animals were given the drug, either pre-trial, pre-trial plus pre-retention, pre-retention or post-trial. Physostigmine (0.1 mg/kg, ip) and atropine (6.0 mg/k...