Characteristics of emotional, behavioral, and physiological responses to pain are determined to a large extent by the behavioral significance of the pain, in particular to the degree to which the pain can be escaped. This review presents evidence that these different patterns of response depend on the activation of distinct pathways within the brain.

Agricultural organisms, such as insect herbivores, provide unique opportunities for studies of adaptive evolutionary processes, including effects of insecticides on movement and oviposition behavior. In this study, Brassica leaves were treated with one of two non-systemic insecticides and exposed to two individual strains (referred to as single or double resistance) of diamondback moth (Plutell...

Adequate sleep is essential for general healthy functioning. This paper reviews recent research on the effects of chronic sleep restriction on neurobehavioral and physiological functioning and discusses implications for health and lifestyle. Restricting sleep below an individual's optimal time in bed (TIB) can cause a range of neurobehavioral deficits, including lapses of attention, slowed work...

Currently, connectedness assesment is primarily done through questionnaires. Although questionnaires are good for tapping into the user experience, they also have drawbacks, like memory biases, proneness to social masking, and lack of mental access. Now that sophisticated sensors are becoming cheaper, less obtrusive, and more widely available, this opens doors to more objective continuous measu...

The processes underlying decision-making in response to unfair offers in the ultimatum game (UG) have recently been discussed in light of models of reciprocity and fairness-related behavior. It has been suggested that behavior following norm-oriented, internalized expectations of reciprocity requires overcoming economic self-interest. In this study we investigated both, behavioral and periphera...