introduction: huntington disease (hd) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which affects movement control system of the brain. hd symptoms lead to patient’s gait change and influence stride time intervals. in this study, we present a grey box mathematical model to simulate hddisorders. this model contains main physiological findings about bg. methods: we used artificial neural networks (a...

Buckmaster has recently investigated the relations of carbon dioxide and haemoglobin. Arguing that venous blood has been shown by Gardner and himself to be capable of taking up and holding much larger quantities of carbon dioxide (nearly double the quantity) than the amount present in normal arterial blood; he concludes that there must be " some vehicle or vehicles for the assumption; of carbon...

in most semiarid and arid areas, fresh water shortage compels managers to use low quality water sources with high salinity to irrigate turf and landscape. recent research has noticed that management of nitrogen fertilization can alleviate salinity effects on plants. this greenhouse sand culture experiment was conducted in order to investigate morphological and physiological responses to salinit...

longevity, survivorship, and fecundity of trissolcusbasalis wholaston were studied on sunn pest eggs at 17.5, 20, 25, 27, 30 and 35˚c (all ±0.5), 60±5% rh and 16:8 h l:d. the preliminary results revealed an effect of temperature on the mentioned traits. in general, longevity decreased as temperature increased and ranged from 53.28±5.9 to 10.68±1.13 days when temperature leveled up from 17.5 to ...

to clarify the underlying physiological mechanism of gibberellic acid (ga) in cold tolerance, the effects of exogenous ga3 on malondialdehyde (mda), osmoregulation substances and endogenous hormones levels in the tiller nodes of two wheat cultivars, namely, dongnongdongmai 1 (a cold insensitive cultivar) and jimai 22 (a cold sensitive cultivar), were investigated at three periods of cold winter...

nitric oxide (no) is an important signalling molecule with diverse physiological functions inplants. in the last years, many advances have been obtained regarding no synthesis and its physiologicaleffects in plants. it was found to play a crucial role in plant growth and development, starting fromgermination to flowering, ripening of fruit and senescence of organs, respiratory metabolism, as we...

cadmium (cd), being a highly toxic metal pollutant of soils, it inhibits root and shoot growth and yield production, affects nutrient uptake and homeostasis. it is frequently accumulated by agriculturally important crops and then enters the food chain with a significant potential to impair animals and human’s health. therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various cd levels ...

conclusions vur might be more frequent in children with physiological urinary incontinence than the normal population, and might be as common as nmne with intermittent daytime incontinence. results urinary tract infection was found in 23 (34.8%) children, 17 (33.3%) and 6 (40%) patients with nmne and physiological urinary incontinence, respectively. out of 48 patients who underwent vcug, vesico...

In the foreword to this book, the first of a proposed ten-volume series, the editors state that "Physiological Pharmacology is designed to be an authoritative account of the effects of drugs on physiological systems;" that a need exists for such a work cannot be denied. Volume 1 forms the first of a three-part account of the nervous system and embodies the contributions of thirteen authors. It ...

The development of modern medicine has been characterised by the increasing application of scientific methods in the clinical setting. Following the defeat of most infectious disease by antibiotics, and the improvement in public health associated with improved housing, nutrition and education, the major challenges of modern medicine are now those associated with iatrogenic illness, chronic dege...