Physiology in microgravity is a challenging field of research because of limited resources. Though humans have been in space for 50 years most meaningful data has been collected only within the last 15 years. While expensive studies with small sample sizes make obtaining and interpreting data difficult, some general conclusions about the human physiological response to microgravity can be drawn...

Owing to multiplanar imaging capabilities and excellent tissue characterization, MRI can facilitate definitive diagnosis of benign conditions of the female pelvis. The purpose of this chapter is to review the spectrum of common benign conditions of the female pelvis and to illustrate the MRI features of these conditions, with an emphasis on the key imaging characteristics to suggest accurate di...

Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations Nerve fibers subserving the sense of smell have their cells of origin in the mucous membrane of the upper and posterior parts of the nasal cavity (superior turbinates and nasal septum). The entire olfactory mucosa covers an area of about 2.5 cm2 and contains three cell types—the olfactory or receptor cells (which number between 6 and 10 mil l ion in each ...

MUCH has been written relative to the physiologic abnormalities produced by mitral stenosis and insufficiency. Most of the data and the concepts derived therefrom have been obtained by right heart catheterization.'--8 The introduction of left heart and combined heart catheterization9-19 has greatly enhanced the value of physiologic study in patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease and has p...

the effect of massage therapy on the physiologic index of the patiants hospitalized at different intensive care units of shahid beheshti university of medical sciences       zolriasatain f [1] *, bahraini s [2] , hariri gh [3] , khoda karim s [4]     received: 4 dec , 2012 accepted: 18 feb , 2013       abstract:   background & aims : massage therapy is one of the appropriate methods of reducing...