In a recent paper, De Baets et al. have characterized the fuzzytolerance and fuzzy equivalence relations that a given strict order relation iscompatible with. In this paper, we generalize this characterization by consideringan arbitrary (crisp) relation instead of a strict order relation, while payingattention to the particular cases of a reflexive or irreflexive relation. The reasoninglargely ...

The current research deals with molecular systematics study of the genus Eryngium (Apiaceae) in Iraq. included characteristics traits chloroplast matK & trnL-F gene that have reliable value separate and determinate from others genera Apiaceae family. result reaches to investigated phylogenetic relation species belongs Erymgium using five in-group E. campestre L., creticum Lam., billardieri ...

The Apiaceae family includes some of the most known medicinal, food and spice species in the world some of which have been used by humans since antiquity. Local people in different regions use many species of the family but the information regarding their uses is scattered. Traditionally used species are good candidates for bioprospecting. Combining traditional uses with phylogenetic data helps...

Different species of gazelles are among the most endangered mammals on the Asian steppes and occur in the central, southern and northwestern regions of Iran. The previous conservation efforts in this region have been incomplete due to confusion about the phylogenetic relationship among various populations. So that, different conservation programs such as ex-situ breeding and transfer of captive...

Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is an economic threat to the poultry industry throughout the world. Some of the virulence genes may enhance the ability of E. coli isolates to grow in the tissues of broilers. The APEC strains are assigned to a few distinct phylogenetic groups. The purpose of the present study was to detect the virulence genes a...

background and aims: crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a fatal viral disease that occurs in approximately 30 countries. it has the most extensive geographic range among the tick-borne viruses that affect human health. cchf viruses have a tripartite rna genome consisting of large (l), medium (m) and small (s) segments. this study was undertaken to determine the genetic relationship of cc...

background and aims: hdv is a defective satellite virus and classified in genus deltavirus. its disease is related and limited to hbv-infected patients. acute infection of delta agent occurs in two different patterns simultaneous infection with both hbv & hdv or super infection of chronically hbv infected patients that lead to more sever type of hepatitis. according to genetic diversity of geno...