In complex task domains, such as games, students may exceed their teachers. Such tasks afford diverse means to tradeoff one type of performance for another, combining task elements in novel ways to yield method variations and strategy discoveries that, if mastered, might produce large or small leaps in performance. For the researcher interested in the development of extreme expertise in the wil...

Increasing the rate of leaf photosynthesis is one important approach for increasing grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa). Exploiting the natural variation in CO2 assimilation rate (A) between rice cultivars using quantitative genetics is one promising means to identify genes contributing to higher photosynthesis. In this study, we determined precise location of Carbon Assimilation Rate 8 (CAR8) b...

Single clover plants were grown in the vegetative state, at 20 +/- 1 degrees , 85 +/- 5% relative humidity, 320 +/- 10 ppm CO(2), 12-hour day, with Hoagland nutrient in Perlite, and 100 w . m(-2) of photosynthetically active radiation (0.4-0.7 mu) from mercury-fluorescent lamps. Each plant was confined within a circle 18 cm in diameter by means of a wire framework. The CO(2) exchange rate of th...

extended abstract background and objectives sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) is from poaceae trible and perennial native plant of asia continent warm areas. ratio fv/fm estimates the maximum quantum yield of photosystem ii. under conditions of stress fv/fm decreased, this decreasing is due to low activity of reaction of photosynthesis centers and reducing of proteins that are responsible fo...

this study was conducted to evaluate traits that have an effect on yield, and genetic variation for these traits, including dry matter accumulation, remobilization, and traits associated with them, in 10 grain sorghum genotypes obtained from the national plant gene bank of iran under moisture stress conditions. field trials were carried out in the 2008 cropping season using split-plot arrangeme...

many phragmites-dominated wetlands have been markedly salinized and alkalinized in the songnen plain, northeastern china. agricultural wastewater with high nitrogen content has been discharged into these alkalinized-salinized wetlands. to understand the effect of salinity-alkalinity on reed (phragmites australis) seedlings at various nitrogen levels, we examined photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll...

Plant biotypes that are resistant to S-triazines under most conditions often grow less vigorously and have lower quantum yields and lower maximum rates of photosynthesis. The photosynthetic reactions responsible for these effects were identified in whole leaves and thylakoids of nearly isonuclear lines of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The lower quantum yield was a result of poor efficiency ...

Red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are a potential light source for growing plants in spaceflight systems because of their safety, small mass and volume, wavelength specificity, and longevity. Despite these attractive features, red LEDs must satisfy requirements for plant photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis for successful growth and seed yield. To determine the influence of gallium aluminium ar...