PURPOSE To investigate whether nonstrabismic typically developing young children are capable of exhibiting vergence adaptation. METHODS Fifteen adults (19.5-35.8 years) and 34 children (2.5-7.3 years) provided usable data. None wore habitual refractive correction. Eye position and accommodation were recorded using Purkinje image eye tracking and eccentric photorefraction (MCS PowerRefractor)....

Photorefractive crystals have become increasingly important as candidate media for the realization of many optical information processing systems including mass memory,’ neural network implementations,24 and signal processors. ‘-’ Photorefraction in electro-optic crystals is well understood in terms of the band transport model8 which describes it in terms of the following processes: ( 1) the ph...

PURPOSE Accommodation results in increased lens thickness and lens surface curvatures. Previous studies suggest that lens biometric accommodative changes are different with pharmacological and voluntary accommodation. In this study, refractive and biometric changes during Edinger-Westphal (EW) and pharmacologically stimulated accommodation in rhesus monkeys were compared. METHODS Accommodatio...

PURPOSE Accommodation can mask hyperopia and reduce the accuracy of non-cycloplegic refraction. It is, therefore, important to minimize accommodation to obtain a measure of hyperopia as accurate as possible. To characterize the parameters required to measure the maximally hyperopic error using photorefraction, we used different target types and distances to determine which target was most likel...

Myopia incidence in China is rapidly becoming a very serious sight compromising problem in a large segment of the general population. Therefore, delineating the underlying mechanisms leading to myopia will markedly lessen the likelihood of other sight compromising complications. In this regard, there is some evidence that patients afflicted with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), havean aden...

During accommodation, the refractive changes occur when the ciliary muscle contracts, releasing resting zonular tension and allowing the lens capsule to mold the lens into an accommodated form. This results in centripetal movement of the ciliary processes and lens edge. The goal of this study was to understand the relationship between accommodative refractive changes, ciliary process movements ...

ABERRATION Amblyopia in astigmatic preschool children 43: 1081 Astigmatism in infant monkeys reared with cylindrical lenses 43: 2721 Comparison of the time courses of concomitant and nonconcomitant vertical phoria adaptation 43: 567 Disorders of vertical optokinetic nystagmus in patients with ocular misalignment 43: 347 Effects of stimulus size and luminance on oscillopsia in congenital nystagm...

PURPOSE Studies on drugs selected to target myopia development often use the vehicle-treated fellow eye as a control. However, it is not clear how much of the drug reaches the fellow eye, rendering it a potentially invalid control. Therefore, in this study, pupil responses were used to probe the effects of atropine in both eyes in mice, after unilateral topical application. In a second experime...

Metalloporphyrins are promising materials for optical limiting possessing strong nonlinear absorptio~ and high third order-optical nonlinearitiescombined with ultrafast response time in the picosecond and femtosecond time scales. Structural modifications like heavy atom effect and introduction of donor-acceptor groups are known to vary the excited state properties in these molecules. We discuss...

Many years ago, the second time I attended a meeting on biological rhythms, I met a fellow who asked me how long I’d been in the field and whether I was connected to Pittendrigh. I didn’t really think of rhythms as a field at the time, more like a problem, maybe an area—I thought of my field as Neuroscience, subfield Neuropharmacology, area Receptors and signal transduction, system rat Pineal g...