We present a new constraint on the amount of dust in the intergalactic medium (IGM) at high redshift. We derive the thermal history of the IGM by taking account of the photoelectric heating by dust grains, and compare it with the thermal history suggested by observations of Lyman α forests. As a result, if the IGM grain size is & 100 Å, the dust-gas mass ratio of the IGM at z & 2 is . 1/100 Gal...

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Repository Citation BastaniNejad, Mahzad; Abdulla Mohamed, Md.; E...

7 he photoelsctrons emrrgmg from unpoldrlzed CO* and N20 molecules exposed to circularly polarrzed s> nchrctron radlarmn dre spm polarlzcd After a brlcf dcscrlprlon of the apparatus the polarxzations measured at the lomzatlon threshold are prcscntcd and compared. In the case of COz, with a calculated. m an ab mlflo theory obrdmed value Usmg the SPUI densit) nutrl\ fornlahsnl .I gcncral c\prcssl...

Using a standard 0.18um CMOS process with a buried photodiode (BPD) option, test pixels with a single transfer gate were characterized. The test pixels enabled finding an optimized BPD layout that minimizes the potential barriers hindering the charge transfer. Demodulation pixels having a 6.3um pitch or less were then developed and demonstrated to demodulate light signals up to at least 50MHz. ...