The effective management of emerging insect-borne disease is dependent on the use of safe and efficacious chemical insecticides. Given the inherent ability of insects to develop resistance, it is essential to propose innovative strategies because insecticides remain the most important element of integrated approaches to vector control. Recently, intracellular phosphorylation and dephosphorylati...

the residual activity and air-borne efficacy of etofenprox (trebon 20% wp) were studied on different surfaces in hut scale trial, in kazeroun south of iran, in 1992. the bio-assay contact mortality tests with trebon against anopheles stephensi showed similar responses on pluster, cement and mud surfaces (except wooden surfaces), i.e. at 250, 400 and 500 mg/m2, trebon had residual activity for a...

the first records of anopheles fluviatilis resistance to ddt was reported in 1963 from india and to dieldrin from eastern saudi arabia in 1959. in southern iran, antimalaria measures began in 1950 and up to 1957 the area was under ddt residual house spraying at the rate of 2g /m2 one round/year. during 1958-59 dieldrin was used at 0.5 g/m2, 1or 2 rounds/year was applied in the lowland areas. in...

While agrochemical pollution is thought to be an important conservation threat to carnivorous plants, the effects of insecticides on these taxa have not been quantified previously. Using a combination of lab- and field-based experiments, we tested the effects of commercial and technical grades of three widely used insecticides (carbaryl, lambda-cyhalothrin, and malathion) on survival and the ex...

Whitefly biotypes B and Q are the two most damaging members of the Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) species complex. Control of B. tabaci (and especially of Q) has been impaired by resistance to commonly used insecticides. To find new insecticides for B. tabaci management in China, we investigated the sensitivity of eggs, larvae, and adults of laboratory strains of B and Q (named Lab-B a...

Newer, selective insecticides with few negative impacts on natural enemies and competitor species are needed for effective, sustainable management of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impacts on natural enemies and competitor thrips species of insecticides used for control of western flower thrips in fruiting vegetabl...

Background: Saliva is a complex mixture of fluids which regulates oral health. Studies have stated that calcium and phosphorous content of saliva is low in caries active persons. But most investigators have been unable to confirm this finding .This is attributed to the interplay of other factors including proteins and enzymes. Thus levels and state of calcium and phosphorous in saliva may be an...

Insecticides are chemical agents used to control insects, but humans are usually exposed to insecticides and this may have a long term toxicological effects on their health. Different brands of insecticides including Baygon, Mobile, Mortein and Total were subjected to Ames spot Forward Mutation Assay, using Escherichia coli. The assay was examined for the presence of revertant strains of the or...

The rice stink bug [Oebalus pugnax (F.)] is one of the important pests commonly found in Arkansas rice fields. When outbreaks in fields reach critical levels, an insecticide application is an option. Pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides usually give excellent contact mortality, but both groups lack any significant residual activity. Two insecticides, dinotefuran and clothianidin, were te...